[acb-diabetics] many articles

[Patricia LaFrance-Wolf]

21. HbA1c Levels Predict Carotid IMT in Diabetic Adolescents        T2

22. New Link - Between Insulin And Core Body Temperature           Lab

23. . T2 A Risk Factor For Gallbladder, Biliary & Pancreatic Cancer?T2

24.  Bivalirudin Reduces PCI Bleeding in Diabetics

25. 1hour Plasma Glucose +155 mg/dL May Be Marker CV risk pre-DM 

 

1.%% MW Should We Screen for Emotional Distress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
11/03/09   Emotional problems such as depression, anxiety and
diabetes-specific

distress are common in patients with T2DM but often remain unrecognized &
untreated.

Key Points - Depression is a common complication of T2, and affects at least
10-20% of patients; Anxiety and diabetes-specific distress (for example,
worries

about complications, concerns about food, fear of hypoglycemic episodes, DM
burn-out) are also common comorbid problems in T2; The mechanisms behind the

association between emotional problems and T2 are complex and probably
relate to impaired self-care behaviors and biological processes; Depression
in T2

can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant
medication; however, the effectiveness of [this]  medication seems to be
overestimated;

Detection of depression, anxiety and high levels of DM-specific distress by
physicians and nurses is generally lower than 50%; Use of self-report
questionnaires

can help to increase detection rates, but it seems crucial that screening
procedures are embedded in a stepped care approach.

 

2.%% MW High Hemoglobin Predicts Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy (Reuters
Health) 11/11/09- In type 1 diabetics, high hemoglobin levels may be
associated

with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The association between
hemoglobin and retinopathy is likely to be complex, the team notes. The
physical

properties of blood flow are altered in diabetes  and these disturbances
might be associated with retinopathy. Some studies indicate that anemia may
be

related to PDR, whereas other evidence links the condition to increased
hematocrit and blood viscosity.

[426 subjects;mean age 28] In men, there was a linear positive association
between hemoglobin and PDR incidence. In women, there was a U-shaped
association

between the two, the authors suggest that these sex differences likely
reflect the fact that only 5 men had hemoglobin levels at or below 13.4
g/dL, which

is where an increased risk was seen among 46 women. "Initially, it is
conceivable that hemoglobin levels could help identify those most at risk,
allowing

initiation of general intensive prevention, e.g., HbA1c and BP control.
Subsequently, it is possible that specific interventions could be mounted
when

the pathogenetic pathways are more fully understood." He strongly urges
physicians to "be on the lookout for retinopathy progression in those T1
patients

with a hemoglobin > 16.0 gm/dL." Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:

 

3.%% MW Journal Watch -Treating Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease
11/6/09; From the BARI 2D trial, no strategy emerged a clear winner. The
international

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes trial involved
2368 patients with T2 and coronary artery disease. Participants were
randomized

to receive either prompt revascularization or medical therapy alone for
CAD,[coronary artery disease] and either insulin provision

(with insulin or a sulfonylurea) or insulin sensitization (mostly with
metformin or rosiglitazone) to a target (HbA1c) level of <7%. Compared with
medical

therapy, neither revascularization method was associated with a mortality
benefit. With regard to cardiovascular events, no difference was seen
between

the PCI and medical-therapy groups, but a significant difference favoring
revascularization was found between the CABG and medical-therapy groups
(5-year

event-free survival, 77.6% vs. 69.5%;.

 

4.%% Food Insulin Index Predicts Insulin Demand of Mixed Meals

(Reuters Health) 11/10/09 - A food insulin index (FII) calculated by
Australian researchers can predict the insulin demand evoked by mixed
meals."The FII

may provide a better way to adjust insulin dose in T1DM  "In time, it may
also enable us to design diets to prevent diabetes."  The team  sought to
expand

their FII database and to determine whether the concept was able to predict
insulin responses

to mixed meals composed of variable amounts of foods whose individual FII
had been previously determined. [21 healthysubjects] The insulin responses
were

strongly correlated with calculated insulin demand predicted by the FII of
the component foods. The calculated glycemic load was less strongly
correlated

with the observed insulin response, and the carb content was not a
significant predictor of average insulin response. "We are about to start
studies in

individuals with T1 who use an insulin pump. We predict that adjustments to
insulin dose with the FII will provide better blood glucose control than
carbohydrate

counting." "We are also looking at large cohort studies...to see if people
who choose diets with a higher insulin demand have higher rates of T2 than
those

who choose a diet with a lower insulin demand," She pointed out, however,
that the FII "may not predict actual insulin levels in T2 because (the)
pancreas

is failing." Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90

 

5.%% Exercise Capacity Impaired in Teens With Diabetes  (Reuters Health)
11/11/09 - Adolescents with T2DM have a significantly decreased ability to
perform

high-intensity exercise and they take longer to adapt to low-intensity
exercise. the new study, examined whether cardiopulmonary fitness would be
reduced

in youth with T2 in association with insulin resistance and cardiovascular
dysfunction. [39 subjects age 12-19]  Subjects with T2 had significantly
lower

peak oxygen uptake((VO2) compared to control obese subjects and peak work
rate was significantly less. "Potential explanations of these findings were
(the

diabetics') reduced responsiveness to insulin, higher levels of blood fatty
acids, and abnormal blood vessel responses, "In addition, they had
thickening

of their heart muscle, increased fat inside their skeletal muscle, evidence
of inflammation, and lower levels of...adiponectin," J Clin Endocrinol Metab

2009;94:

 

6.%% MW Diabetic Ketoacidosis Linked to Memory Deficits

Reuters Health 11/6/09 - Children with T1DM  and a history of

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) have significantly worse memory for item-context
associations than DM children who have never had DKA, 

The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that DKA can cause subtle
hippocampal damage even in the absence of clinically apparent cerebral
edema,

UCDavis  Parents of children with T1type 1  often notice their child has
mild memory problems, the lead author noted, although these memory deficits
may

not be severe enough

to affect IQ or children's grades in school. Animal and imaging studies have
shown that DKA can produce shifts in cerebral water

distribution, blood flow and metabolism similar to those seen with
hypoxic/ischemic injury. [33 children who had experienced DKA and 29
diabetic children

who had not.]  the DKA group had lower rates of accurate memory on an
event-color association task  and an event-spatial position association task
than

the non-DKA group Children who experienced DKA before age 7 exhibited
greater deficits. Among the children who had only one DKA episode, a longer
time

since that episode was associated with worse performance on the tasks. This
suggests she noted, that there may be a time when the brain is more
vulnerable

to this type of injury, as well as a time when intervention to address
memory deficits may be more effective.

"These data emphasize the importance of preventing DKA in children with
known T1 and the importance of prompt diagnosis of children

with new onset of T1 before the development of DKA."J Pediatr 2009 

 

7.%% MNTD  Low Birth Weight And DM  Have A Common Genetic Background
11/14/09  Low birth weight increases the risk of developing T2  later in
life. Until

recently scientists had attributed this to maternal malnutrition during
pregnancy. However, now it seems that genetic background may also play a
major

role. Researchers has now demonstrated, that gene variants which influence
insulin metabolism can also affect birth weight. [729 children whose mothers

had T1 and who thus had a higher DM risk.] The team investigated the genetic
background of fetuses for alterations in individual DNA bases, termed single

nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here they focused on three gene regions
which are known to be risk alleles for DM caused by reduced insulin
secretion.

They looked at these in relation to birth weight. It turned out that there
was a significant association between the two SNPs of the HHEX-IDE gene
region

and low birth weight. This was independent of HbA1c levels of the expectant
mother, indicating a lesser correlation between maternal nutrition and blood

glucose regulation... This could mean that an a priori reduced insulin
secretion also plays a role in the development of autoimmune T1," explained
the

first author. "Next, we want to investigate whether the genetic associations
observed in this study could also have an effect on body weight later in
life.

 

8.%% MNTD OssulinTM, A Novel Oral Insulin Product, Shows Promising
Bioavailability For Advancing Diabetes Therapy 11/10/09

New data from Puredel Limited, suggests that higher blood levels of insulin
were achieved by Ossulin™ than had been previously demonstrated by other
oral

products. In a series of experiments covering a range of doses and models,
Ossulin™ consistently delivered around 20% of the insulin dose into the
bloodstream.

Chief Scientific Officer for Puredel said: "Oral insulin could represent a
major advance in diabetes therapy through its simplicity of use, and because

it mimics the natural physiological route of the hormone.

 

9.%%  Nature Reviews Endocrinology 5,(December 2009) | T1 and

and multiple sclerosis: common etiological features  Abstract - T1 and
multiple sclerosis have been largely seen as different, organ- specific
diseases,

which are managed by different medical specialties.In this Review, we
highlight the latest epidemiological and genetic findings, which have
identified

many features common to both disorders. Experts consider it increasingly
likely that the environment contributes substantially to this overlap.
However,

although genetic elements that are distinct to each disease probably
determine the ultimate form of autoimmunity that is manifested, strikingly
broad parallels

are seen between the components of genetic risk of T1 and MS.  Similarities
and differences between these two diseases draw attention to shared disease

pathways but insights into each disorder are providing mutual illumination
of their pathogenesis.

 

10.%% MW A1C Variability Linked to Diabetes Complications

Nov 20, 09 — Variability in glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) predicts the
development of complications in patients with T1DM. "In our study,
cardiovascular

events were related to A1C variability but not to

the actual A1C level." the lead researcher says. [1845 patients] The
variability in A1C increased according to baseline renal status. A1C
variability was

significantly higher in patients who progressed to cardiovascular disease
events than in those who did not. Higher A1C variability was associated with

younger age, lower age at onset of diabetes, shorter duration of DM, lower
insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, higher baseline A1C, both current and
ever

smoking, lower socioeconomic class, and lower leisure-time physical
activity.

"Our data include only patients with T1, and our findings are not
necessarily applicable to T2," he cautioned. "Our data are purely
observational- If A1C

variability plays a role in the development of DMc nephropathy, we would
expect an association also with other microvascular diabetic complications
(retinopathy

and neuropathy) since the risk factor profile, especially the glycemic
control, is to a large extent similar to that of nephropathy,"  Diabetes.
2009;58:

Reuters Health Information 2009.

 

11.%% SGLT2 Inhibitors: A New Mechanism for Treating T2DM 11/11/09; . many
people with T2 fail to meet glycemic targets.  A joint statement from the
ADA,

Amer Heart Asso, & Amer College of Cardiology urges a target glycated
hemoglobin (A1c) level of < 7%.  Common barriers to the achievement of
glycemic goals

in T2are side effects associated with currently available drugs,
particularly hypoglycemia and weight gain.    In "normal" individuals, the
kidneys continuously

filter a large volume of glucose and actively reabsorb nearly all of it. A
protein called sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is responsible for
most

renal glucose reabsorption in people with T2. Retention of excess glucose by
this pathway contributes to persistent hyperglycemia. Left untreated,
hyperglycemia

may lead to the development of DM complications. It is now known that
suppressing the activity of SGLT2 inhibits renal glucose reabsorption,
thereby increasing

the excretion of excess glucose from the body and assisting in reduction of
hyperglycemia. SGLT2 inhibitors do not stimulate insulin secretion and
therefore

are expected to be associated with a low risk for hypoglycemia. In addition,
there is the potential for significant weight loss. .After 24 weeks, a
clinical

study of dapagliflozin an investigational SGLT2 inhibitor, demonstrated that
[it], when added to metformin in people with T2 inadequately controlled with

metformin alone, resulted in significant reductions in A1c, and in fasting
plasma glucose. .these subjects also had greater reductions in body weight
compared

with individuals taking placebo. Dapagliflozin is a oral drug ...

 

12.%% NYTimes The Claim: Vinegar Can Help Lower Blood Sugar Levels
Thanksgiving   marks the start of a season that poses particular hazards for
people

with diabetes  and others who are sensitive to the blood-sugar spikes that
can follow big meals. But several studies have revealed a possible way  to
reduce

the impact of a carb-laden dish: add a little vinegar. Doing so seems to
help slow the absorption of sugar from a meal into the bloodstream,
apparently

because vinegar helps block digestive enzymes that convert carbohydrates
into sugar. One study showed, that when healthy subjects consumed about 4
teaspoons

of white vinegar as a salad dressing with a meal that included white bread
with a little less than 2 ounces of carbos, there was a 30% reduction in
their

glycemic response, or rise in blood sugar, compared with subjects who had
salad with a dressing made from neutralized vinegar.  In 2004, a study found

similar effects in people with DM or insulin resistance who consumed a
vinegar solution or placebo before a carb-heavy meal. Nothing replaces
increased

physical activity  and portion control, said a spokeswoman for ADA. But
people with DM might find it worth a try, she said, to consume 2 similar
meals

- one with vinegar and another without — and compare their effect on blood
sugar.

 

13.%% Am Jour Ophthalmology vol148;issue 6  Intravitreous Vascular
Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1a in (HIF-
1a)Patients

With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) [42 eyes; 17 T1, 25
T2,controls] Conclusions - Intravitreous VEGF and HIF-1a in diabetic
patients with PDR

are increased and related

mutually. VEGF and HIF-1a, especially VEGF, are associated with the
angiogenesis [development of new abnormal vessels ]of PDR.

 

14. %% Am Jour Ophth vol 148;issue 6  Aqueous Vascular Endothelial Growth
Factor as a Predictor of Macular Thickening Following

Cataract Surgery in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus   Purpose - To study
associations between serum and aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF)

and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and macular edema measured with
(OCT) following phacoemulsification in diabetic patients. [36 eyes]
Conclusions

- Aqueous VEGF was significantly positively associated with a clinically
meaningful

change in CSF (central sub field - of macula) in diabetic patients 1 month
following cataract surgery. Accounting for preoperative CSF was important. 

 

15.%%Adult Stature and Diabetes Complications in Patients With Type 1
Diabetes   11/13/09; Diabetes. 2009;58(8) .. we evaluated the association
between

adult stature and prevalence and incidence of diabetic microvascular
complications. [3968 adult T1 patients] ..diabetic complications are still a
major

concern as the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with T1.
The most devastating complication is diabetic nephropathy, which is
associated

with a markedly increased risk of end-stage renal failure, cardiovascular

disease, and premature death. . Shorter stature was associated with worse
glycemic control and blood lipid profile, higher insulin dose per body
weight,

and importantly a higher prevalence of microalbuminuria, diabetic
nephropathy, laser-treated retinopathy, and CVD.  Conclusions:  Short adult
stature is

associated with microvascular complications in patients with T1 These
findings are compatible with either childhood diabetes exposure or "common
soil"

- that the same factors lead to both short stature and diabetes -or both as
potential explanations. .

 

16.%% Effect of Homocysteine-lowering Treatment with Folic Acid and B
Vitamins on Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
11/17/09;

Diabetes. 2009;58(8) Homocysteinemia may play an etiologic role in the
pathogenesis of T2DM by promoting oxidative stress, systemic inflammation,
and endothelial

dysfunction. We investigated whether homocysteine- lowering treatment by B
vit supplementation prevents the risk of T2.[double-blind  trial of 5442
females]

Subjects were randomly assigned to either an active treatment group (daily
intake of a combination pill of 2.5 mg folic acid, 50 mg vit B6, &1 mg vit
B12)

or to the placebo group. Conclusions -  Lowering homocysteine levels by
daily supplementation with folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12 did not reduce
the

risk of developing T2 among women at high risk for CVD.

 

17.%%  Diabetes. 2009;58(9) Antigen-based Therapy for the Treatment of Type
1 Diabetes 11/13/09;  Antigen-based therapies (ABTs) seek to prevent or
inhibit

autoimmune diseases by inducing regulatory T-cell responses (active
tolerance) or anergizing/deleting pathogenic T-cells (passive tolerance).
The theoretical

appeal of this therapeutic approach is that it may promote tolerance with
little debilitation of the immune system. The clinical application of ABTs
for

autoimmune disease is still in its infancy. Although initial attempts to
apply this therapeutic strategy in multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis,
and

T1 met with failure, recent results from clinical studies hold promise that
this approach may be able to delay the onset of T1as well as preserve ß-cell

function in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)  and in children
newly diagnosed with T1. If verified, it would be an important translation
of

NOD mouse findings to clinical applications. [These] studies, however,
indicate that the immunological impact of ABTs is much more dynamic and
complex

than previously appreciated. Here, we will focus on ABTs and discuss what
has been learned about their immunological impact, the theoretical factors
affecting

their efficacy and safety, as well as potential markers of their therapeutic
efficacy. .

 

18.%% Diabetes. 2009;58(9)  Urinary Adiponectin Excretion: A Novel Marker
for Vascular Damage in Type 2 Diabetes 11/19/09 Abstract Markers reliably
identifying

vascular damage and risk in DM patients are rare.. In contrast to existing
data on serum adiponectin, this study

assesses whether urinary adiponectin excretion might represent a more
consistent vascular damage marker in T2. Total urinary adiponectin excretion
rate

was measured in 156 T2 with a history of diabetic nephropathy and 40 healthy
control subjects.Conclusions

 Quantification of urinary adiponectin excretion appears to be an
independent indicator of vascular damage potentially identifying an
increased risk for

vascular events.

 

19.%% Alogliptin Safe and Effective for Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly Patients
(Reuters Health) Nov 18 - The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor
alogliptin

is safe and effective for treating T2DM in elderly patients. [455 elderly
&1911 younger T2 subjects] Alogliptin significantly reduced HbA1c values in
patients

under and over 65yrs Weight changes were negligible in all treatment groups
in both age categories.. Hypoglycemic events occurred in up to 8.3% of
patients,

regardless of age."We should also consider DPP-4 inhibitors more generally
in patients in whom we wish to avoid hypoglycemia, including frail patients

and those with coronary heart disease, They are a valuable adjunct to diet
and exercise. They are especially efficacious when started early in the
treatment

of T2 and when used in combination with metformin and thiazolidinediones."
study was sponsored by Takeda .. Inc., J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57

 

20.%%Heartwire AHA 2009 - BARI 2D Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Favors
Medication Over PCI for Less Severe CVD in Diabetic Patients

Nov18,09  — A cost-effectiveness analysis from the Bypass Angioplasty
Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes

 (BARI 2D) trial finds that trying intensive medical management first is
more cost-effective than prompt PCI in diabetics with less severe coronary
disease,

but bypass surgery may be the more cost-effective approach in patients with
more severe disease the 2368-patient BARI 2D study showed that PCI, bypass

surgery, and optimal medical

therapy led to similar survival rates in T 2patients and stable ischemic
heart disease, but CABG reduced the risk of cardiovascular events, primarily
nonfatal

MI, more than intensive medical management, while the risks were similar in
patients treated with PCI or medical management. In BARI 2D, patients with

T2 and stable ischemic heart disease were randomly assigned to early
revascularization plus intensive medical therapy or intensive medical
therapy alone.

A five-year analysis shows that cost differences were driven mainly by the
up-front costs of the PCI or CABG. The cost for patients assigned to prompt

PCI was $46, 890 compared with $33, 354 for medical therapy alone. Patients
treated with surgery had a two-year cost of $55, 966 compared compared $34

096 for comparable patients treated

with medical management. Therefore the teaml conclude that the best strategy
in T2 with stable coronary disease that is identified as suitable for PCI

is to start with medical therapy and resort to revascularization only if the
patient's quality of life is not satisfactory.

Prompt CABG may be the cost-effective way to go in patients with more severe
disease who are willing to accept the procedural risks. 

 

21.%% HbA1c Levels Predict Carotid IMT in Diabetic Adolescents

(Reuters Health) Nov 13 - Higher HbA1c levels predict greater carotid
intima-media thickness (IMT) in children and adolescents with T2.

"Now we have clear evidence in these adolescents that they're already
developing target organ damage," the researchers say. [1299

patients of mixed ethnicity, ages 10 - 23, with T2] 13.4% had an elevated
common carotid IMT,.., and 18.9% had elevated internal carotid IMT. As HbA1c

levels increased, so did participants' carotid

IMT. Duration of diabetes also was independently associated with carotid
IMT. For every 1% increase in HbA1c, the likelihood of having a thicker
common

carotid IMT increased by 35%, after adjustment for sex, systolic BP, and
insulin use."These data suggest that poor glycemic control is associated
with

structural changes in the carotid artery that are consistent with early
atherosclerosis,""We suspect that these changes are reversible at this age,
There

is evidence that thickening of the carotid artery wall in younger people
consists of more fatty buildup and less calcification.

 

22.%% MNTD   New Link Discovered Between Insulin And Core Body Temperature
11/23/09 A team found that when insulin was injected directly into a
specific

area of the brain in rodents, core body temperature rose, metabolism
increased, and brown adipose (fat) tissue was activated to release heat. .
Normally,

core body temperature stays within a narrow range so that key enzymatic
reactions can occur. When [it] goes outside this range for prolonged periods
-

higher as in fever, or lower as in hypothermia - the result is harm to the
body. "Our paper highlights the possibility that differences in core
temperature

may play a role in obesity and may represent a therapeutic area in future
drug design," the lead author added. The scientists suspected that insulin
in

the brain might work to warm the body through a specific pathway involving
signals that traveled from the brain's preoptic area, down the spinal cord,

to neurons that direct brown adipose tissue to expend energy to produce
heat. Brown fat, is distinct from white fat in that it burns calories rather
than

storing them. .brown fat deposits are found  around the neck ..  older
people have less brown fat than younger people, and obese individuals have
less

than lean ones... The team measured the effect of insulin injections in the
preoptic area of mice on oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

Again, results showed that metabolic rate increased with an increase in
insulin.  This new information raises many intriguing questions: How

does insulin get to the brain's preoptic area - does it cross the
blood-brain barrier or is it produced locally? Are diabetics, who are
insensitive to

insulin in peripheral tissues, still sensitive to insulin in the brain?
"This is a very long project," said Sanchez-Alavez. "I hope we get funding
to continue

this research."

 

23.%% MNTD Is T2DM  A Risk Factor For Gallbladder, Biliary And Pancreatic
Cancer? 11/20/09 [ A retrospective VA study -1,172, 496 cases and control
subjects]

Among patients with T2DM the incidence of pancreatic cancer was increased
threefold  and gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary cancers were increased
by

twofold compared to controls. This is the first study to provide a
comprehensive assessment of the risk for [these] cancers in a large cohort
of patients

with T2. This study suggests future avenues for investigation to determine
preventive measures and screening  to limit the impact of these tumors in
the

veteran as well as general T2 population in the US.  World J Gastroenterol
2009; 15(42)

 

24.%%  Bivalirudin Reduces PCI Bleeding in Diabetics  (Reuters Health) Nov
20 - Bivalirudin monotherapy is less likely than heparin

to cause bleeding in diabetics undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
(PCI) In his comments the lead researcher pointed out that the risk of both

ischemic and hemorrhagic peri-procedural complications is higher in patients
with DM. [335 patients randomly assigned to bivalirudin or .. heparin plus

tirofiban. At 30 days, the composite incidence of death, urgent repeat
revascularization, myocardial infarction, and all bleeding in the
bivalirudin group

was 18%, compared to 31.5% in the combination group "The bivalirudin
monotherapy strategy may represent the best compromise between ischemic and
bleeding

risk." Am J Cardiol 2009;104:

 

26.%%  One-hour Plasma Glucose More Than 155 mg/dL May Be Marker for
Cardiovascular Risk 11/29/09 — Elevated 1-hour plasma glucose level in
persons without

overt diabetes may be a marker for cardiovascular risk [CV]."Pre-diabetes
(pre-DM) identifies subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or
impaired

glucose tolerance (IGT) at high risk for T2; moreover, it is associated to
insulin resistance (IR), subclinical inflammation and cardiovascular
diseases

(CVD)," writes the team. [1062 subjects with normal glucose tolerance and
pre-DM] Compared with subjects with a 1-hour plasma glucose level of 155
mg/dL

or less, those with 1-hour plasma glucose levels of more than 155 mg/dL had
significantly increased inflammatory markers and lipid ratios. An analysis

adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index showed that 1-hour plasma glucose
level was associated with significantly increased white blood cell count and

fibrinogen.. "e, 1hPG >155 mg/dl could be considered a new 'marker' for CV
risk.”

 

27.%%

 

American Heart Association (AHA) 2009 Scientific Sessions

- Abbreviations:  DM - diabetes Mellitus;T1DM - type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2DM - type 2; DME - diabetic macular edema; FPG - fasting plasma glucose BP
-

blood pressure; CV - cardio-vascular; MI -myocardial infarction or heart
attack ;HTN - hypertension or high BP; OCT - optical coherence tomography;
VA

- visual acuity  -ADA - Amer Diabetes Ass; CDC:  US Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention; FDA Federal Drug Administration; JH - Johns Hopkins
; MW

Medscape Web MD; NIH - National Institutes of Health;  MNTD- Medical News
Today  

Definitions - Dorlands 31st Ed and Google.  Disclaimer, I am a BSN RN but
not a diabetic or diabetic educator. Reports are excerpted unless otherwise
noted.

This project is done as a courtesy to the blind/visually impaired and
diabetic communities. Dawn Wilcox BSN RN Coordinator The Health Library at
Vista

Center contact above e-mail or 

thl at vistacenter.org     

       

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