The Braille Forum Vol. VII March 1969 No. 5 Published Bi-Monthly by the American Council of the Blind Oklahoma City, Oklahoma * Editor: Ned E. Freeman 136 Gee's Mill Rd. Conyers, GA 30207 * Associate Editors: George Card 605 South Few St. Madison, WI 53703 Earl Scharry 5714 Ridgeway Ave. Rockville, MD 20851 * President: Reese Robrahn 329 Woodbury Lane Topeka, KS 66606 * National Representative: Durward K. McDaniel 20 E Street NW Suite 215 Washington, DC 20001 To inform its readers and to provide an impartial Forum for discussion. ** Notice to Subscribers The BRAILLE FORUM is available in braille, large type and on tape, 7-inch, dual track, 3-3/4 ips. All requests, changes of address, etc., should be sent to the BRAILLE FORUM, 136 Gee's Mill Road, Conyers, GA 30207. Letters and material for publication should be submitted to the Editor or to one of the Associate Editors. Deadline for material to appear in the May issue is April 5. True to its name, the BRAILLE FORUM presents varied viewpoints on many questions. The opinions expressed in the signed articles and letters appearing in these pages are those of the authors. They are presented for your information and consideration. No implication of approval or endorsement by the editors or the American Council of the Blind should be inferred because of publication in this magazine. ***** ** Table of Contents THE BRAILLE FORUM -- March 1969 ACB President's Message Any Nominations: Harry Golden ACB Banquet Speaker RSVA Board Votes ACB Affiliation FDC Families Get Cost-of-Living Raise More Tele-Braille in South Dakota Is the New IBM the Answer? ACB's Treasurer Calling The Preschool Child in Louisiana States In Action An Illinois Resolution Louisiana Vendors Organize Welcome ACB of Maryland Nebraska Council say No Ned's Corner Button -- Button Letters from Readers Brailled Resource File Ready Physical Fitness for Washington Folk Here and There Lost Sight Restored ACB Officers Directors ***** ** ACB President's Message By Reese Robrahn Because of its vital importance to so many people who are blind, I wish to keep the Forum readers informed on the progress of the vending-stand lawsuit being prosecuted by the American Council on behalf of a Kansas City, Kansas post-office vending-stand operator. At this writing there is no new progress to report. The appeal to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals is pending and will not be heard until sometime after the early part of March. For those of you who read the publication of the National Federation of the Blind and to inform others who do not read it, I wish to make a few comments concerning some items appearing in the January, 1969 issue of that publication. One item is an account written by Ken Jernigan, President of the National Federation of the Blind, of the organization of an NFB affiliate in the state of Kansas. One of the implications intended by the article is that the Kansas affiliate of the American Council, the Kansas Association for the Blind Inc., somehow is not properly representing blind citizens of the state of Kansas. To set the record straight I report here that our Kansas affiliate is one of the oldest; most progressive and most dynamic among the state organizations of the blind. In recent years the attendance at its annual conventions has exceeded three hundred; it has a full-time legislative committee and it created and is operating nine flourishing credit unions and is very active on all fronts. My only remaining comment is that anyone should be able to organize a group anywhere with a $500.00 check in hand to sweeten the treasury, a team of 20 organizers and a promise to pay expenses of delegates to conventions. The American Council does not seek paper affiliates, nor does it wish to purchase affiliates. Another item appearing in the publication was a letter from the National Federation of the Blind to Merle Snopak, President of the Kansas City, Kans. Society for the Conquest of Blindness, in which Mr. Jernigan stated that the American Council has applied for accreditation with the National Accreditation Council. This statement is false. In the first place the American Council has not applied for accreditation, and in the second place the American Council is not the kind of agency or organization which can be accredited by the NAC. As a member of the NAC Board of Directors Mr. Jernigan is well aware of this. In the same letter Mr. Jernigan stated that one of the differences between NFB and ACB is that ACB is for two for one air fares. With tongue in cheek -- I am chagrined to report that this idea is not original with the American Council, for it was originated some years ago by the NFB itself, with the present bus and train concession as a result. ***** ** Are There Any Nominations for ACB Awards? Here is an opportunity for you, the reader, to render a meaningful service to the American Council and at the same time gain some recognition for a friend or acquaintance who measures up to the high standards of either of the American Council special awards, the Ambassador Award and the George Card Award. The chairman of the Board of Judges is calling for nominations for these two awards. The recipient of the awards must be a citizen of the U.S. or its territorial possessions and must be legally blind. In the case of the Ambassador Award the recipient must be one who notwithstanding his blindness has integrated himself and his activities into the total community and thereby demonstrates to all the capability and desire of blind people to be contributing members of society. It is not necessary that the recipient of this award be a member of the American Council or any other organization of the blind. In the case of the George Card Award, the recipient must be one who has made or is making a valuable contribution to the organized blind in such a way that the entire community of the blind is benefited. These awards are not necessarily to be given annually; they will be presented only in the event that a worthy person is selected by the Board of Judges. Send your letter of nomination, including a pertinent and concise history and your reasons for your nomination, in triplicate to the chairman of the Board of Judges of Special Awards, Mr. Don O. Nold, 3100 Oak Park Ave., Berwyn, IL 60402. Nominations will be closed June 10. ***** ** Harry Golden to Be ACB Banquet Speaker Charlotte, NC, is the place -- July 16-19 the date -- and everybody will want to be on hand for the Eighth Annual ACB convention. The well-known writer-philosopher Harry Golden who, in addition to many feature articles and essays, is especially recognized as the author of the two best-sellers "Only in America" and "For Two Cents Plain," will be special guest and speaker at the banquet Friday night. Also on the program will be the highly honored Robert Bray, under whose direction such great strides have been made in the Division for the Blind and Physically Handicapped of the Library of Congress. Mr. Bray and members of his staff, including those from the Regional Library serving the Carolinas, will be on hand to inform us concerning the new cassette program and all the latest developments and plans for users of the library services and to answer any of our questions. A representative from the Washington office of Rehabilitation Services Administration, HEW, will be present to inform us and to answer questions. Here is your opportunity to become better informed citizens and to meet and to know outstanding leaders and workers for and with the blind -- as well as those special folks who are members of the American Council of the Blind. You will be receiving an ACB mailing in the near future which will, among other things, contain a reservation card for you to return to the White House Inn, Charlotte. We sincerely hope you will make prompt use of this card, being sure to state that you will be attending the ACB convention. The card requires no postage. Room rates will start at $8 for a single and $12, double. The hotel is air-conditioned and is located in the heart of downtown Charlotte. For further information contact Convention Chairman Ed Miller, 2621 Chesterfield Ave., Charlotte, NC 28205. ***** ** RSVA Board Votes ACB Affiliation By John W. Thomas, RSVA President The Board of Directors of the Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America, at their December meeting in Wichita, voted unanimously to affiliate with the American Council of the Blind and to hold their first annual convention in Charlotte, NC July 14-15 immediately prior to the ACB convention. The following states have officially applied for affiliation with RSVA and have been accepted: Tennessee, California, Oregon, Texas, Illinois and Oklahoma. Groups in Georgia, Florida and Louisiana have organized and indicated their intention to affiliate with the national group. Casey DeLint, 966 S. Westmoreland Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90006 was elected temporary secretary of the group and Leonard Goeser, 124 N. Janet St., Fullerton, CA 92631 was appointed national membership chairman. Inquiries are invited from all areas. Many vendors have joined as members-at-large; for whom annual dues are two dollars. Interested individuals may join by sending dues with their names and addresses to the membership chairman or directly to the treasurer, Wayne Gilmore, 737 S. Clifton, St., Wichita KS 67218. ***** ** FDC Families Get "Cost of Living" Raise An amendment to the Social Security Act provides for making cost-of-living adjustments in amount used to determine individual needs. In commenting on this amendment, Mrs. Virginia M. Smyth, Atlanta, Regional Commissioner SRS; HEW, advises us: Section 402 (a) (23), Title IV of the Social Security Act, in relation to aid to families with dependent children provides "that by July 1, 1969, the amounts used by the State to determine the needs of individuals will have been adjusted to reflect fully changes in living costs since such amounts were established, and any maximums that the State imposes on the amount of aid paid to families will have been proportionately adjusted." The cost-of-living adjustment, under this provision, becomes a requirement only for the program of aid to families with dependent children. Otherwise, State agencies administering the public assistance programs set their own cost standards, or cost allowances for basic items, used in determining need for financial assistance. Many states in the past have used the same cost standards in determining need in all public assistance programs, but State funds available will be a governing factor in the extent to which increased cost standards can be applied to the benefit of all programs. ***** ** More Tele-Braille in South Dakota The State of South Dakota has again demonstrated its interest in the placement of trained blind persons by making two switchboard opportunities available to clients of the Service to the Blind. The State is in the process of developing a complete network of telephone service and tie-lines between each city which contains a concentration of state offices. Wherever a tie-line is established, a switchboard is installed to provide centralized answering service and to assist customers and officials. Two of these installations will become functional on April 1, 1969. Howard Hanson, Director of State Service to the Blind, stated, "Northwestern Bell Telephone Company and the State's Employment Division are making these opportunities available to us for blind switchboard operators and we will purchase the necessary adaptive equipment known as tele-braille so that the operator can function. The tele-braille equipment is designed to translate the visual information usually appearing on a regular switchboard into braille dots which can be read by the operator. The unit has a memory bank so that calls are processed in order of receipt thus avoiding the confusion when multiple calls appear at the same time. The first commercial installation of tele-braille was made at City Hall in Aberdeen, SD through the hard work of American Council of the Blind Board of Directors. Since that time an additional installation was made at Control Data in Minneapolis. "This breakthrough of two installations at one time with the cooperation of Northwestern Bell should open many opportunities for blind persons throughout the nation," Hanson concluded. These installations will mean employment for two totally blind girls and probably more, depending on the hours of operation. Editor's Note: The tele-braille equipment has been on display at ACB conventions for the past several years. Vernon Williams, ACB Second Vice-President, whose efforts have been largely responsible for these placements, gives us the following clarification of tele-braille, "The tele-braille is a braille cell which transmits to the left-hand the signals from the switchboard so that the operator, by reading the cell, can determine what procedures are to be followed on the board. It is distinguished from the so-called "probe" system in that it eliminates any guess-work, or time necessary to search out the signal by the process of elimination; which results in a much faster and more accurate performance or proficiency on the part of the operator." Anyone interested in further information about tele braille may contact Mr. Hanson at 222 East Capitol Ave., Pierre, SD 57501. ***** ** Is The New IBM the Answer? Margueritte Lee, Braille Transcribing Teacher for the Braille Association of Kansas and, with her husband Lee (both sighted), an active and leading member of the Kansas Association of the Blind, borrowed a new IBM Braille Typewriter from a Wichita elementary school and experimented with it in her home for a week. She reports in the BRAILLIST BRIEF. ... IBM must be commended for trying! If placed in large city libraries anyone could write to a braille-reading friend or relative (not all blind people read braille) in grade one braille -- no contractions. There are times when personal and private messages would be greatly appreciated. The contractions may be used by depressing the shift key but the rules for their use are too complicated for the uninitiated to understand. The electric carriage return is sheer pleasure! These are the "pros," the "cons" are more numerous. Putting the paper in the machine is tricky -- rolling it in almost as far as it will go and then counting 8 more "clicks." It is difficult to get the standard 25 lines to a page consistently. If there are interruptions the page will probably have to be redone as it is sometimes difficult to tell where one left off and if the paper is rolled out it cannot be replaced. The braille is upside down and backwards. We transcribers might eventually learn to read it after a fashion, but why should we? The correction key is like a little hammer which when pressed pounds the dot but does not smooth it, so more erasing is needed after the paper is out of the machine. There are also annoying "shadow dots," which make poor thermoform copy. Math problems cannot be done on this machine. It is suggested that it can be used for teaching typing to the blind as it uses a standard keyboard, but the cost is prohibitive for that purpose. It is too heavy to be portable and too expensive for the average person to buy. The braille is of poor quality to thermoform which eliminates the use of the machine for foreign language textbooks which are done in grade one braille. In the final analysis it is not a braille writer for children or transcribers. It was a noble experiment, but -- Margueritte, who learned braille in 1959 and helped organize the Kansas Association, adds in a letter to the FORUM: " ... The Special Education Division and local civic groups were "sold" on the merits of the machine and our schools now have nine of the things just sitting there. The Resource Teacher was expected to teach the children to use them ... but soon found it a waste of time ..." It is hoped further research will improve this machine. ***** ** Notice to All Affiliates There was in the January BRAILLE FORUM information concerning ACB memberships, including requirements for affiliation. Since becoming your treasurer at the last convention, I have been unable to locate many of the affiliate membership lists. For this reason, and to bring all records up to date, I would appreciate receiving from each ACB affiliate a completely new list, indicating blind or sighted members and voting and non-voting members, with complete addresses. As soon as your list is compiled, please mail one copy, together with the 20 cents dues per member, to my office and one copy of the list only to ACB Secretary M.J. Schmitt, 510 Tarrington Rd., Rochester, NY 14609. Some recent contributions: * Braille Forum George J. Bereolos, Rock Island, IL Mrs. Ruth Lynch, Janesville, Wisconsin Earl W. Dawson, MD, Los Angeles National Accreditation Council, New York Miss Anne E. Marvin, Charlottesville, VA A.E. Robinson, Goodland KS Earl Swann, Cortland, Ohio Wm. R. Morton, Maryville TN Linda Podell, Baltimore, MD Dr. Charles Margach, Pacific University, Oregon Milford & Jeanette Force, Harrison, NJ James Spangenberg, Evanston, IL Shirley Rabinowitz, New York Paul Knowles, Wayne, MI * Washington Office Kansas Association for the Blind * Vending Stand Program H. Loy Sumner, Miami, FL Assn. for the Conquest of Blindness * Writing Materials For Students Overseas Miss Anne E. Marvin, Charlottesville, VA * Sponsoring Members Mrs. Ora Howerton, Long Beach, CA Mrs. M.J. Isaac, Long Beach, CA Cecil Card-Sindell, Ltd., Milwaukee, WI George Card, Madison, WI Mrs. Erwin Stamp, Milwaukee, WI James Sletten, Madison, WI Darlene Card, Madison, WI * Undesignated Clarence C. & Elizabeth White, Huntington, WV Memphis Assn. of the Blind, Memphis TN Braille Assn. of Kansas * The Tape Forum In October I received a bill from Ned Freeman for $10 to cover the purchase of 100 cardboard boxes for shipping recorded tapes. About two months later I received another bill for recording tape boxes: this for $99 for 50 empty plastic boxes for shipping tapes. Being the tight-fisted Treasurer of ACB, I questioned Ned about these expensive boxes and did not issue the check immediately. Ned, in his characteristic way, went into a long explanation why expensive boxes were needed, how they lasted for years and were used over and over again, with a final promise that he would send me the January FORUM in one of these expensive boxes. Upon arrival, the box was all Ned claimed for it. However, on opening same and reading the taped copy of the FORUM I was astounded at the quality and professionalism of the tape. June Mann, the reader, apparently read the entire FORUM without error in a very pleasant, charming voice. Not quite so charming, but equally intelligible, was Ned's prologue. So, Ned, if you continue to mail me BRAILLE FORUMS in the expensive plastic boxes, I promise (with only slight reservations) that I, as ACB Treasurer, will buy you all the boxes you need. We should all be thankful for the excellent job being done in our behalf by all those responsible for our ACB publication. ***** ** The Preschool Child in Louisiana Sam J. Maurell, Caseworker for Blind Children We are happy to share our experiences is establishing and operating a program for blind children in Louisiana and hopefully this information may be of some help to other states in developing and implementing such a program. In July 1952 the Division for the Blind, State Depart ment of Public Welfare, added to its staff for the first time a caseworker for preschool blind children. Prior to this, the Division provided services to blind adults and children through their caseworkers for the adult blind (Home Teachers). However, the adult caseworkers began to receive many referrals from various sources for services to those infants blinded in the RLF episode. The need became apparent that parents wanted help and counseling to assist them with their blind children, and the Division employed a professionally trained social worker who had prior experience and training in Child Welfare. Her duties included mainly giving counseling and casework services on a state-wide basis to parents of preschool blind children and making available for their use services from other organizations, agencies and local community groups. During the decade prior to the initiation of this service the interest of persons in the field of medicine, education psychology and social services had been focusing increasingly on the preschool blind child. Before the RLF episode, blindness was mainly the end result of disease such as syphilis, heredity and accidents, and usually occurred in families of the lower social economic level who tended to conceal these children from the public. However, the RLF epidemic affected all levels of society and people of the higher social and economic level wanted something done about their blind children. At the beginning of our program only about 60 children were known to the Division. As the services became more widely known, inquiries and referrals came from many sources. Presently there are 581 receiving services. It was recognized that no one service could be set up to meet all the needs of all the blind children and their parents. The coordinated efforts in all fields and the use of community resources were needed. In some instances nursery schools for preschool blind children were developed. Experience showed that the feasibility of having a separate nursery only for the blind in a community is contingent on the real purpose it will serve. In the concept of integration as an ultimate objective, some blind children who are ready for and can profit from the experience can be best served by their inclusion, when possible, in a nursery school for sighted children. Initially, our program in the 1950s served only the families of the preschool blind child and services discontinued after the child either entered the School for the Blind or other appropriate arrangements were made for his schooling. However, placement of the child in a school setting did not automatically terminate all of his problems. The child also required adjustment to school life. In many instances, children who entered the sighted schools needed help in obtaining special educational materials. These and other problems such as the emotionally disturbed and mentally retarded child resulted in an extension of the preschool services to include school age blind children. The two residential schools in our state continue to be the main source of education. However, these have not been able to accept and serve all of the blind and visually handicapped children throughout the state. Problems such as lack of space, etc., and parents reluctant to send children away to school are still prevalent. This necessitated the establishment of resource programs for children attending public schools. Over the years, our caseworkers have cooperated and coordinated their efforts with the Dept. of Education to help establish resources and/or itinerary teaching programs. It has proven that visually handicapped children perform better and achieve more when their teachers are specially trained. However, this needed help is not always possible because of the shortage of such teachers and it is very necessary that the caseworker work closely with the sighted schools and the Dept. of Education. In general, the teacher welcomes this consultation from the caseworker. The duties and responsibilities of our caseworkers cover a wide range. They observe parent-child relationships and give guidance in respect to behavior; instruct in methods designed to encourage the child's maximum mental, social and physical development; demonstrate techniques of home training from infancy including recreation to make the child as independent as possible for his age; assist in developing educational and leisure time activities; interpret the needs of the blind child to the community through consultation with community groups and agencies; all this in addition to the child's educational needs. Other areas of service made available to our blind children is the use of the Visual Aids Clinic and the Mental Health Center, both located in New Orleans. The Clinic is operated under the auspices of the Division for the Blind and was set up primarily for rehabilitation clients but was extended for use of blind children. Many times a child is fitted with an aid which enables him to increase his productivity in school and in the home. The Division, in cooperation with the Mental Health Unit, established an evaluation center for visually handicapped children within the Mental Health Center. This service is rendered at no cost to the Division. The Mental Health Center provides a multi-disciplinary approach for evaluation, diagnosis and treatment. Any blind child from birth to 21 years of age is eligible for this service. The child may be evaluated by specialists in the fields of psychiatry, speech and hearing, psychology, neurology, ophthalmology, pediatrics, education and social work, contingent upon the need for such evaluation. The most appropriate criteria to assess the ability of the beneficiaries of our program to achieve full potential can be stated in terms of vocational rehabilitation. The scope of the services of the Division ranges from "birth 'till death." The emphasis placed on the efficiency of the Caseworkers to serve their clients during their early years cannot be overexaggerated. The better a child and his family is adjusted to his blindness and the child to his social and physical environment, the easier will be his. eventual development into a useful citizen able to take a responsible place in his home and community. ***** ** An Illinois Resolution The following Resolution was sent to the president of the American Council of the Blind and of the National Federation of the Blind, and their publications, by Jack Reed, president of the Illinois Federation of the Blind. Quoted also is ACB president Reese Robrahn's reply to Mr. Reed and pertinent excerpts from the reply of NFB president Kenneth Jernigan -- R-1-68 RESOLUTION TO EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITY OF A MERGER OF THE AMERICAN COUNCIL OF THE BLIND AND THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE BLIND Whereas, the Illinois Federation of the Blind was one of the seven-member state organizations which chartered and helped to organize the National Federation of the Blind in 1940; and Whereas, the IFB was also instrumental in the organization of the American Council of the Blind in 1961 and 1962; and Whereas, because of this experience, the IFB recognizes the importance of a united front on the local, state and national levels regarding problems of the blind and their solution; and Whereas, it is our opinion that there is very little difference philosophically between the aims and goals of the ACB and the NFB; and Whereas, it would appear that the welfare of the blind could be better served by a single national organization; Therefore, be it resolved that the Illinois Federation of the Blind in convention assembled this 19th day of October, 1968, go on record as instructing the Board of Directors of the IFB to request a meeting between the presidents of the ACB and the NFB for the express purpose of exploring the possibility of merging the ACB and the NFB into one national organization for the blind. Said meeting should be held prior to the 1969 convention of the ACB and the NFB. Signed: Board of Directors From ACB President Reese Robrahn to IFB President Jack Reed -- Dear Jack: This letter is written in reply to your letter in which you transmitted a copy of a resolution adopted by the 1968 convention of the IFB relative to exploration of the merger of the two National organizations of the Blind, ACB and NFB, and in which you made inquiry as to whether the American Council would be willing to meet with your Board, and if so, when. Please be advised that I, as President of the American Council of the Blind, will meet with your Board at any reasonable time. The declared purpose of the American Council as proclaimed by our Constitution is to strive for the betterment of our total community; and one of the declared means to accomplish this purpose as set forth in our Constitution is cooperation with organizations and agencies of and for the blind. Best personal regards to you. Very Sincerely, Reese Robrahn, President ACB. NFB President Kenneth Jernigan's reply -- Dear Mr. Reed: I have your letter of November 25 and must confess that I find parts of it very nearly astonishing. I refer to that part which suggests that the American Council president or his representative and the NFB president or his representative appear before your State Board to discuss your resolution. However, let me put this matter to one side and proceed to the substance of your proposal. ... (The quotes are Mr. Jernigan's in replying to an item published by an NFB affiliate) "This sort of attitude on the part of some states and some state leaders is, in my opinion, the very thing that brought on the original civil war in the organized blind movement, and it is certainly the largest factor in the continuation of any remaining strife. As any realistic observer knows, there is not the slightest chance that the American Council and the Federation will reunite into a single organization at this time. No amount of disruption or name calling will change this situation. There is, however, a real chance for the beginning of peaceful coexistence and joint action and discussion in a few limited areas -- that is, if discordant elements do not wreck the possibility by stridently insisting that the world be as they want it instead of as it is. ... The days of the civil war are behind us. We ought to look forward, not backward. Most of the affiliates are doing this, with only a few isolated pockets of bickering left. "The American Council and the National Federation are both facts of life. We should go on from that foundation to try to build coexistence and ultimate cooperation. ..." In my opinion, the ruin which almost occurred was caused not so much by the open dissenters as by a self-styled neutralist group which refused to see facts as they were and take a firm stand. ... In 1961 the minority left the Federation and formed the American Council of the Blind. This was the beginning of constructive rebuilding. Today the NFB is stronger, better financed, bigger, more enthusiastic, and more united than it has ever been. We are systematically organizing in states where we do not have affiliates and are strengthening the affiliates we already have. We are going to organize every state in this country and do it without delay. As to the American Council, we hold no rancor toward that organization and wish it well. Although many times smaller and less active than the Federation, it has capable leaders and is a going concern. If we wished to disrupt or destroy the Council or to bring it back into the Federation (none of which is the case) we do not have the power or means of doing so. On the other hand, if the Council wished (and I do not for a moment imply that such is the case) to disrupt our movement, come back into it, or in any way interfere with our activities, they could not do so. The day may come when the NFB and the ACB will merge (although I am by no means certain that such is the case) but it certainly cannot and will not come in this generation and for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, even if it could be accomplished, such a step would not be constructive but would only lead to dissension and harm to the cause of the blind. Most of the people who took part in the original conflict are still alive and still have influence. They still believe that their views were and are correct. Beyond all this there are now at least some policy differences between the Council and the Federation. ... Such an essential first step toward peaceful co-existence and ultimate unity and harmony is courteous and civilized treatment of one's neighbors. As this step is accomplished, it would be hoped that cooperative action could be taken in areas of common agreement -- legislative and otherwise. In the meantime people who insist on talking in terms of the past and pretending that progress is not being made or that a civil war still exists are not behaving constructively and are not likely to be given very serious attention by the overwhelming majority of the members of the Federation. We are positive and optimistic in our outlook and are not interested in looking back to the "might have beens" of yesterday. We have a job to do and are joyously going forth to do it. Those who wish to work with us in the cause are welcome to join us. These are the views of the Federation and this is the last statement which I contemplate making on this matter since it is largely a dead issue. Very truly yours, Kenneth Jernigan, NFB president. Editor's comments -- The Illinois attempt is not new. Mr. Jernigan quotes above from his answer to the president of one of the NFB affiliates concerning an article in their publication which called for unification of the organized blind. In 1964 Frank Lugiano of the Pennsylvania Federation sent out invitations to leaders of the organized blind to participate in a "Study Committee: looking toward reunification of the movement. The then ACB president replied in much the same terms as used by President Robrahn: "ACB stands ready at any time to cooperate with any group in any activity designed to further the best interest of the blind and the total community. ..." We were not advised as to the replies received from others, but the proposed committee was never established. We would agree with Mr. Jernigan and, in fact, the above 1964 reply also states: "... Whether or not it is possible now or in the future to again establish organic unity, all of us hope that your efforts can bring about a better attitude of fellowship and cooperation in programs and projects designed for the betterment of all the blind. "Perhaps the organized blind movement could adopt the principle enunciated by the National Council of Churches -- 'Agreed to Differ, United in Love, Resolved to Serve.' "You, I am sure, realize that there are basic differences of philosophy and practice between the NFB and ACB. ..." ***** ** Louisiana Vendors Organize A letter to Judge Reese Robrahn, ACB President Dear Reese: I would like to thank you and the American Council of the Blind for sending Mr. John Thomas to our organizing meeting on January 18 here in New Orleans. The stand operators of Louisiana were very pleased to see the ACB show such interest in the organization of a chapter of the Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America. Mr. Thomas made a very appealing speech to thirty-four of our ninety-three vendors assembled. John brought with him a message that we here in Louisiana are wanted and needed as an occupational affiliate of the ACB. His speech left no doubt in the minds of those attending that the scattered challenges to the Randolph-Sheppard program would increase at a more rapid pace than before and that organization is the best way to protection. The officers were chosen at the same meeting on a temporary basis, and our annual meetings will be held the second Saturday of each September. As temporary president my leadership is untested, but the officers elected to serve with me are some of the finest in the vending stand program in Louisiana. Bulletins on pending legislation and/or ideas are solicited. Thank you again for your interest, I remain Sincerely yours, Dalton Brown ***** ** Welcome! ACB of Maryland On February 1, 1969, a group of blind persons met in Baltimore to formally organize an affiliate of ACB in that state. The meeting was attended by ACB's National Representative and by Wanda Krauel, secretary in the Council's office in Washington. After an extended discussion of the purposes and possible activities of the new group, an organizing committee was established to extend the membership over the entire state. The members of the organizing committee are Charles Johnson, Chairman, 152 North East Ave., in Baltimore, 21224, telephone 301-342-4345, Linda Podell of Baltimore, Dorothy Corso of Riverdale, Albert Derda of Catonsville, Lorraine McCracken of Baltimore, Charles McIntyre of Baltimore, and Earl Scharry of Rockville. The official name chosen for the new organization is The American Council of the Blind of Maryland. Plans were developed for membership recruiting and interested persons are invited to inquire without delay. Congratulations to our new state group. ***** ** Nebraska Council Opposes Combined Rehab Program A study is being made looking toward a sweeping reorganization of State agencies and departments in Nebraska. Fearing that such a reorganization might result in the submerging of their presently independent program for the rehabilitation of blind persons in the state, the Nebraska Council of the Blind, composed of delegates from the three local and state organizations of the blind, at its regular meeting in December unanimously adopted a statement which outlines the danger of such a move in which the blind have invariably suffered from inadequate and inferior service. "... We neither affirm nor believe that his relative neglect of the blind is deliberate or intentional, but history has convincingly demonstrated that it is virtually inevitable. This results primarily from the highly specialized needs and problems inherent in service to the blind, and the corresponding necessity for a staff specially trained and experienced in the rendering of this service. ... "In view of the history of combined rehabilitation programs, and the fact that they have been weighed in the balance, found wanting and abandoned by Nebraska and thirty-five other States, the Nebraska Council strongly affirms its conviction that, under no conceivable plan of reorganization should the rehabilitation program for the blind be submerged in any combined agency." ***** ** Ned's Corner It is no news to most of you that a number of far-reaching changes in our public assistance programs have come about during the past few years by action of State and Federal courts rather than by Congressional legislation. We have reported these from time to time. There was the "right of privacy" decision forbidding undue searches and harassment of recipients. Several jurisdictions have outlawed state length-of-residency requirements. In January we reported that state agencies must continue to pay grants while a case is under review and pending appeal. In this issue HEW explains the requirement for upgrading the budget used to determine the needs of FDC families, to reflect the increased cost of living since the last revision. Although this cost-of-living increase is mandatory only for FDC plans, many states, including Georgia, endeavoring to apply this principle to the three adult categories as well. One of the most iniquitous options allowed in state plans is that which permits the fixing of an arbitrary maximum amount of a grant to an individual or to a recipient group, which is considerably less than the total basic living needs as determined by the state agency. This means that recipients who have no resources or income other than public assistance are required to live on a standard markedly below that of other recipients who might have Social Security or other small income. This principle of arbitrary maxima is currently under attack in Federal District court in Georgia. A mother of six is suing the Georgia Dept. of Family and Children Services because she says that the constitutional right to life is being denied two of her children. This is because Georgia's maximum is fixed so that assistance is given proportionately for up to four children but no provision is made where there are more than four children in the family. It is our hope that the courts will strike down this provision and that the Congress will take action to eliminate this unfair practice. A similar maximum operates in Georgia on grants for the adult categories including aid to the blind. For example, the basic needs budget adds up to $89.25; in addition to this the state recognizes special individual needs, such as the care and feeding of a dog guide and special dietary allowance in the case of the diabetic. Therefore, a blind diabetic with a guide dog should be entitled to $101.75. The Georgia maximum is $82! Other states have similar restrictions. Here is another place where Congressional action is needed. There has been some confusion about the use of the recently expanded free mailing privilege for the blind and handicapped. This privilege applies only to "Unsealed letters and other material ... in raised characters or sight saving type or in the form of sound recording." Many letters written on regular typewriters have come to this office in sealed envelopes marked "Free matter for the Blind." Let's not violate our privileges. ***** ** Button, Button -- This little article gets around to paying tribute to a great work which has been going on for thirty years -- and part of the story does concern buttons: not the kind of buttons that have been replaced by zippers and grippers (and too often pins) as referred to in the game "Button, button, who's got the button?" Today everybody has a button which is really a pin worn to proclaim political or other identity, to protest or approve most anything, or just to announce loneliness or availability. It took a little seven-year-old girl at the Associated Blind, Inc., New York, to come up with a button with some real meaning. A red disc about four inches in diameter proclaims the joyous message "I Am Loved" in large white letters. The buttons were first distributed at a birthday party in October for one of Associated Blind children, and Ed Sullivan reported in his NY Daily News that they were to be distributed at the Association's Christmas party. Associated Blind, Inc., was founded 30 years ago by Irving Selis, his wife Sara Neufeld Selis, Barney Mamet, and less than a dozen equally concerned blind persons, "to fill the need for an organization of the blind conducted and controlled directly by the blind, with the object of working toward the improvement of the economic, social and cultural opportunities of all the blind." It would be impossible to estimate the numbers of blind persons in the New York area whose lives have been enriched because of this dedicated group. Of special note is the large participation by children and adults in their broad recreational program and the several thousand hours of service given by an enthusiastic corps of volunteers. The FORUM is proud to congratulate and commend its ACB affiliate, the Associated Blind, Inc., and its Executive Director Irving Selis for thirty years of struggle and accomplishment and to wish them well in the realization of future plans, which include a new home for their many and expanding activities. ***** ** Letters from Readers (Addresses furnished on request) John N. West, Ohio: Thank you for sending information requested. I found the ACB 1968 Resolutions most stimulating and interesting. They reflect the deep concern your members and delegates have for blind persons everywhere ... Catherine Goff, Georgia: Thank you for your tapes. They give me hope for better days to come. C.S. Lasley, Penn.: In your little message you stated you'd know when a tape is returned unread. How could you know if I have really listened? Carol Walker, Tennessee: ... (the FORUM) has information handicapped people and friends couldn't find together in any other magazine. ... I agree that slates that have the ability to use both sides of the page ought to be universal. I have one of these and am very pleased. Kenneth Stark, Texas: Please cancel my subscription to BRAILLE FORUM. I have found that most of the information presented is too mediocre for my use. However, I think you are doing a good job of providing information of a basic type that a lot of blind people can use. ... Jimmie Trietsch, Alaska: I do like your magazine ... could you send me print copies of the January item ... about the importance of "feeling" by blind persons as a means of better knowing other persons. I would like to show this to some sighted people who consider such things in very poor taste. ... I support your contention that travel concessions now granted by bus and train companies should also be granted by airlines. ... I do not feel it is a disgrace for a blind not to travel alone. ... Thank you for your fine publication. H. G. Peacock, Wash.: I have received the FORUM and enjoy it very much. I hope there can be a minimum grant made by the Federal government and do away with the state welfare. I will do everything I can to further that. G. P. Ag. India: Thank you ... (the FORUM) has universal appeal and usefulness. I was surprised at its interesting matters. I am hundreds of miles away and yet I did not feel it while going through your magazine. The regular feature of "Letters from Readers" is really appreciated for its absence there might be one way talk done by the editor to the readers. Through this column we the readers have opportunity of talking to you. This Welfare Center is open to all the blind and serves in various ways ... If your readers send us tapes, we shall gladly send them some recorded classical Indian music and useful matters on the things of general interest. My tape recorder takes 7" reels, is 4 track, 3 speed .... I am a young man with ebullient ambition of service. Earl Swann, Ohio: I have been receiving the FORUM for a long time and am just now sending my first contribution. Here are my reasons. No matter how good a magazine is or how good a constitution sounds, an organization makes both. ... I have seen several clubs with noble sounding constitutions completely ignore them and as a result go to pot. When you quit as president with a reasonable tenure in office it was the first thing which impressed me so far as ACB is concerned. Next, criticism of the NFB died down. ... Two national groups are a good thing. They make for competition. Both will be better as a result. ... The thing that impressed me most, however, was your going to war for the man in Kansas City and as a result for all stand operators all over the country. ... (By the way, I am not a stand operator.) ... Last, you have to do with agencies. They do exist and though we might not agree with all they do and say, they are all we have. By ignoring them ... we simply hurt ourselves. There are undoubtedly sincere people in some or all of these agencies. Perhaps you can reach inside the agencies and make them much better. ... Sorry I was so long in being convinced of ACB's sincerity, but you won't lose any money on past or future FORUMS. By the way, are you and Loretta really married? This question is raised by the fact that you never seem to be in the same corner? (Editor's answer to the last question: Yes, for over 40 years and, except in the FORUM, she is always in my corner -- or I in hers! Unfortunately, hers got rounded off in this issue.) Mike Sofka, New Jersey: Mr. Aymon, as well as many other blind people, are under the impression that there are many jobs in private industry that can be done by blind persons. If one is thinking only about those legally blind persons with useful vision, then they are correct. ... However, if one is talking about blind persons who only possess travel vision or less, then job opportunities in industry are very scarce and scarcer still if such individuals are not flexible. So, without flexibility and some useful sight, a blind person is almost totally unemployable in private industry. The realistic approach to the job problem, as pointed out by George Card, is the only way to get more blind people into the labor market. ***** ** Brailled Resource File Ready By Otto Peterson Production of 200 copies of the Brailled Resource File being sold by the Midwestern Conference of Home Teachers is progressing to where all orders by agencies and individuals would be filled before Feb. 28, '69. All copies to MCHT members should be shipped by March 15. If persons having ordered files have not received them by this date, write the editor, Otto Peterson, 1513 East Fulton St., Garden City, KS 67846. We can still accept orders, but as of Dec. 1, '68 the price was raised from $5 to $8 per copy to cover actual costs, so orders confirmed before then are a bargain. An inkprint edition will be produced in '69 and we would like to hear from persons interested in an inkprint only, who may not have written when the brailled edition was announced. There are some 270 addresses and a total of some 500 file cards of information in the brailled edition. The inkprint edition will include all these listings with some additional updating. ***** ** Physical Fitness for Washington Folk By Wanda Krauel One of the interesting and beneficial activities I have begun to participate in since coming to Washington to work in the Council's office is a Saturday morning physical fitness project. It is directed by Lester Citron regularly each week at the Y.M.C.A. at 18th and G St. Northwest in the District. The Y.M. cooperates fully and makes no charge for its facilities and services. Mr. Citron and three volunteer instructors donate their time and services to this project. Most of us never get enough exercise in the routine of daily activities so it is very helpful to have this opportunity to exercise in a recreational and scientific way. The activities range from: track running, a variety of gymnasium exercise to practice with basketball goal shooting, medicine ball games, weight lifting and swimming. Blind persons in the Washington area may obtain further information from Mr. Lester Citron, 8416 Navahoe Drive, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20903. ***** ** Here and There By George Card From the University of Stanford word comes of a revolutionary operation by means of which the dreaded retinoblastoma tumor has been destroyed and an eye saved. Apparently, a tiny probe, which has been dipped into liquid nitrogen and cooled to about 150 below zero Fahrenheit, is inserted into the tumor and the result is the formation of ice crystals in the tumor, thereby annihilating it. From the AFB NESLETTER: Leo M. Levens, head of AFB's Engineering Division, told the Audio Engineering Society that an entire talking book could be produced on a single record at the same low cost of producing a paperback book. He reviewed the development by the Foundation of a single 4 1/6 rpm record which would have a playing time of 20 hours. Cost per hour of recorded material decreases in inverse proportion to increase in density. Currently, talking books are recorded at 16 2/3 and 8 1/3 rpm which have playing times ranging from 1 1/2 to 5 hours. The Ohio Council of the Blind BULLETIN reports the case of Dorothy Riggs, totally blind, who last summer took an eleven-day cram course (8 a.m. to 10 p.m.) in Knoxville, Tenn., sponsored by the 3M Company. With the expertise this obtained, she now operates Dee's Photo Copy Service in Wyoming, where she is supplying copying, laminating, visual displaying and photo and labeling service. She does nearly all the work herself except for the reading which her eldest daughter does for her. The MISSOURI CHRONICLE reports that hereafter, in election years, each candidate will be allotted five minutes for a campaign speech and will then be subjected to a period of questioning as to his qualifications and his personal platform. As reported previously the big statewide Badger Association of the Blind, largest affiliate of the Wisconsin Council of the Blind, operates two residential homes in Milwaukee, open to all the blind of the state. The Sunrise Home for Senior Blind is initiating many programs for the benefit of its residents. The BADGER INFORMER reports that the newly formed Therapy Services, Inc. is a group of six occupational therapists who design activity programs according to the needs and interests of each individual. The second issue of a house newsletter has just appeared. In the near future there will be a little store where residents can buy personal items and visitors can buy their craft products. They will have a travel club, a sports club, a "country of the month" bash, a summer fest in February. From the Oregon Council BULLETIN: In the long run the pessimist may be proved right, but the optimist has a better time on the trip. -- At its annual convention our Oregon affiliate reelected Wally Menning President and Mrs. Fred Krepela Treasurer. -- The Oregon Council plans to make a grant-in-aid to a child of blind parents and 20 institutions have already offered to match whatever amount the OCB can allocate for this purpose. -- Sixty-eight children from the Oregon School for the Blind were given a wonderful outing at an ocean beach and were introduced by Ed Chaney, public information chief of the Oregon Fish Commission, to salmon, crab, starfish, sea urchin, butter clams, sea perch, cockle clams and oysters at the nearby fish hatchery. -- Oregon's blind people achieved one of four highest increases in wages and man-hours during the year. -- While the blind of a number of states are striving mightily to obtain state commissions for the blind, an organization known as the University Federation of the Blind in Idaho is going all out to prevent such a development in the Gem State. The Rogue River Chapter is the OCB's latest affiliate. From LISTEN: Lloyd Clark, a blind double amputee, has received the blind citizen of the year award from the governor of Vt. He now mans the information center at the Stratton Mountain Ski Area. -- Blind singer Jose Feliciano stirred up a bit of a storm recently when he sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the fifth game of the World Series in Detroit. He presented his own version of the National Anthem -- a slow rock "soul" style to guitar accompaniment -- and triggered a nationwide controversy. (I heard it and I thought it was awful!) -- Rehabilitation who needs it and what it can do -- is the subject of 10 half-hour programs presented by NBC's Education Exchange Series under the title "To Live Again." -- At Point Reyes, Calif., John Omundson has started his own ship-building business. Trained as a ship-wright before he became blind, Omundson decided to be his own boss after his rehabilitation training. -- A new rehabilitation center will be built in Shreveport, La., partially aided by a grant from the Rehabilitation Services Administration. The new building will be able to handle 150 clients a day and will provide evaluation, work adjustment and training, skill training, counseling and placement assistance. NEWSWEEK reports that a New York doctor has now performed 50 cataract operations using ultra-sound as a means of dissolving the cataract, which is then sucked out through the needle. Only a tiny incision is necessary requiring a single stitch, as against six in the conventional operation. Healing is much more rapid. It is predicted that this same technique can be used for the removal of blood clots, gall stones and small tumors. The NEW BEACON calls attention to the fact that the magazine published by the British Association of Civil Service Workers is called RED TAPE. From the Ohio Council of the Blind BULLETIN: We have often said that no one knows better than the blind what we need and want. If we just want and hope that someone else will do it for us, they will. They will use us to serve their purpose by telling the public, including our friends, that they know best what we want and how to get it. -- This issue also reports that the Ohio Council will have four regional meetings in the spring which will deal with problems arising between the fall conventions and also be in the nature of seminars. From Maymie Tuttle, of the Quincy, Illinois, chapter: "A group of five of us blind people here in Quincy are taking the Red Cross First Aid Course and are enjoying every minute of it. We get the lessons by lectures and the instructor takes us one at a time for the demonstrations and we get them, believe me. When finished we will take oral exams and if we pass, we will be given certificates. They say we are the first group of blind people they have ever heard of to take the course. I think blind people should know these things and be prepared to aid themselves as well as others in accidents and other emergencies." From the NATIONAL NEWS OF THE BLIND (Canada): Last summer some 600 blind Ontarians and their escorts enjoyed a two-week vacation at St. Joseph Training and Holiday Center. Ninety people from 10 years of age to 60 learned to water ski. One interesting variation was a Dacron kite attached to the shoulder harness of the skier; as the speed of the towing boat increased, the kite rose higher and at one point the demonstrator attained an altitude of 60 feet before landing safely on the water. -- Doctors at Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa were successful in transplanting a baboon's cornea into a human eye. A month after the operation the patient was able to read the newspaper using the eye, but doctors warned that rejection could take place. -- Overheard from a blind boy: "The trouble with sighted people is that they keep bumping into you. " -- The next Mayor of Stratford-on-Avon is to be Councillor David Bruce, a blind poultry farmer. From the December NEW OUTLOOK: Volunteers are a welcome and familiar sight at most agencies for the blind. But blind persons themselves serving as volunteers, particularly in other social welfare areas, is most unusual. This past summer the Sacramento (Calif.) Society for the Blind referred one of its members, a totally blind teenage girl, to the local Volunteer Bureau for assignment. It was an experiment that succeeded! The girl was assigned to a local day camp for disadvantaged children. She has indicated that she enjoyed it tremendously and is available for more assignments. The Volunteer Bureau has indicated that they were as pleased with her as she was with the program. -- Mrs. Florence Henderson, a prominent educator of blind children for many years, died in Santa Cruz, Calif., September 6. The KAB NEWS reports that members stood and cheered, some unashamedly wiping away a stray tear, as L.A. Dubbs, Ransom, was presented the "Extra Step Award." Mr. Dubbs, who became blind in later life, learned how to function without sight and then devoted time, talent and many of his own expenses in promoting programs which KAB deemed essential. The "Extra Step" is the individual who keeps trying, even though the experiences of life are difficult. -- One doesn't have to be pretty, born in a log house, hold a master's degree, be blind and like to fish, in order to be president of the KAB, but maybe Miss Helen Vargo, who was named in June to head the organization, gains some of her ability and understanding of people from these anomalies. From the ABC DIGEST (Calif.): Ralph Sanders, totally blind student at San Fernando State College, has been named to the post of editor of the college newspaper, THE SUN DIAL. THE SUN DIAL is considered one of the outstanding publications among college newspapers. -- New regional libraries have been started in the states of Tennessee Rhode Island Montana, Connecticut, Maryland and Nevada and the Virgin Islands. VISUALLY HANDICAPPED VIEWS (S.D.) mentions a number of unusual jobs now held by blind people. Miss Harriet Jorgenson operates a poodle grooming shop in Crawfordsville, Indiana, and Norman Pfeiffer, who is totally deaf as well as industrially blind, is a mail handler in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. -- "If Vernon Williams' gray hair is becoming more obvious, it can probably be explained by the fact that his eldest daughter has just presented him with his first grandson." From the HOOSIER STAR-LIGHT: Two periodicals in the computer field are now available on tape from Science for the Blind as a part of their regular service-fee materials. "Communications of the ACM" contains moderately technical articles on the subject of computer programming and computer work in general. "Computing Reviews" contains bibliographical information and abstracts on literature in the computer field. For further information write to Science for the Blind, 221 Rock Hill Road, Bala-Cynwyd, PA 19004. -- There are nearly 30,000 blind college graduates in the U.S. according to the A.F.B. Many hold positions in leading professions and in most areas of business and industry. In the Florida WHITE CANE president Richard Knight writes: "Because of our affiliation with ACB we of the Florida Federation of the Blind will be able to better serve the blind people of Florida." ***** ** Long Lost Sight Restored The HOME TEACHER, Nov. '69 carries an article by Alberto Valvo, MD, Rome, Italy, reporting studies of the physiological and psychological effects of the restoration of sight after early and long-standing blindness. Some 50 patients were involved, most of whom had lost their sight either in infancy or earlier childhood and were adults at the time of surgery. Especially interesting was the length of time (six months to more than 12 months) required for full visual rehabilitation. It was also interesting that as visual perception slowly improved periods of psychological depression and confusion of greater or less severity were common. The following first-person report of one of his patients is considered fairly typical. In this case, one eye had been removed at the age of six and the restoration of the other eye was a complete surgical success. "My first visual impression after 27 years of blindness was vague and confused. I remember that I saw an indistinct shape moving back and forth, and I understood later that it was the surgeon's hand and that a glimmering in this shape was a ring. The first nine months were quite disappointing; to me the world was only a mosaic of meaningless patches. Then, little by little I started improving. Only after about a year did I feel ready for the first step toward independence and dared to remove the harness from my guide dog. A few weeks later I decided to give up the dog altogether and go around by myself. I acquired an ever-growing confidence so that, although I was scared by traffic in the beginning, I am now able to walk fast and avoid people and obstacles. As far as stairs are concerned, I do not see the difference in depth, but only in color, and understanding what they are, I do not stumble. I am aware of the presence of persons at about 20 ft. and I can recognize details at about three or four ft. I can read print, but handwriting is more difficult. I know that true seeing is different, but I am happy to have what I have now and to be able to recognize the face of my mother and to see for the first time the features of my wife and children. Paradoxically, when my sight started improving, I began to feel depressed. I often experienced periods of crying without knowing the reason -- maybe because of striving so intensely for vision. In the evening I preferred to rest in a dark room. Some days I felt confused; I did not know whether to touch or to look. Often I did not remember what I had before me. Recovery of vision has been a long and hard road for me, like entering a strange world. In these moments of depression I sometimes wondered if I was happier before. I know that there is still room for improvement, and I am determined to do my best to accomplish it. ***** ** ACB Officers President: Judge Reese Robrahn, 539 New England Building, Topeka, KS 66603 1st Vice-Pres: George Card, 605 Few St., Madison, WI 53703 2nd Vice-Pres.: Vernon Williams, 217 Western Union Bldg., Aberdeen, SD 57401 Secretary: Mrs. Mary Jane Schmitt, 510 Tarrington Rd., Rochester, NY 14609 Treasurer: Fred Krepela, 363 Court St., NE, Salem, OR 97301 ** Directors Mrs. Catherine Skivers, 836 Resota St., Hayward, CA 94545 Floyd Qualls, 106 NE 2nd St., Oklahoma City, OK 73104 F.W. Orrell, 5209 Alabama Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37409 Dr. S. Bradley Burson, 917 Kenyon St., Downers Grove, IL 60515 J. Edward Miller, 2621 Chesterfield Ave., Charlotte, NC 28205 David Krause, 2121 P St., NW, Apt. 615, Washington, DC 20037 Fred Lilley, 7629 Dale St., Richmond Heights, MO 63117 Don Cameron, 724 S. Davis Blvd., Tampa, FL 33609 ###