The Braille Forum Vol. VII May 1969 No. 6 Published Bi-Monthly by the American Council of the Blind Oklahoma City, Oklahoma * Editor: Ned E. Freeman 136 Gee's Mill Rd. Conyers, GA 30207 * Associate Editors: George Card 605 South Few St. Madison, WI 53703 Earl Scharry 5714 Ridgeway Ave. Rockville, MD 20851 * President: Reese Robrahn 329 Woodbury Lane Topeka, KS 66606 * National Representative: Durward K. McDaniel 20 E Street NW Suite 215 Washington, DC 20001 To inform its readers and to provide an impartial Forum for discussion. ** ACB Board of Publications Chairman -- Miss M. Helen Vargo 833 Oakley St. Topeka, KS 66606 Mrs. Harriet Fielding 2910 Calderwood Lane, Apt. 92 Sacramento, CA 95821 Mrs. Alma Murphey 4103 Castleman Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110 Jack Lewis 770 Hemlock St. Macon, GA 31201 George Fogarty 2107 - 28th St. San Francisco, CA 94112 ***** ** Notice to Subscribers The BRAILLE FORUM is available in braille, large type and on tape, 7-inch, dual track, 3-3/4 ips. All requests, changes of address, etc., should be sent to the BRAILLE FORUM, 136 Gee's Mill Road, Conyers, GA 30207. Letters and material for publication should be submitted to the Editor or to one of the Associate Editors. True to its name, the BRAILLE FORUM presents varied viewpoints on many questions. The opinions expressed in the signed articles and letters appearing in these pages are those of the authors. They are presented for your information and consideration. No implication of approval or endorsement by the editors or the American Council of the Blind should be inferred because of publication in this magazine. ***** ** Contents The Braille Forum - May 1969 In Memory of Ned E. Freeman, by Reese Robrahn In Memoriam The Years of Preparation Excerpts A Message from the Publications Board Everybody! All Aboard for Charlotte RSVA Convention Institute for Lawyers Seminar For Computer Programmers Calling All Hams -- ACB Service Net ACB Tour to Puerto Rico Why Are You A Member? Attention! Emergency Affiliates -- Let Your Votes Be Counted Concerning Compressed Speech ACB Tape Service In Defense of the IBM A Crying Need for Qualified Teachers A Forecast For Legislative Action Kansas Stand Case on Appeal Court Invalidates Residency Rule Loretta's Corner A-Traveling We Can Go Helping the Disadvantaged A Workable Marking System Letters from Readers Know Ye! Here and There ACB Officers Directors ***** This Issue of The Braille Forum Is Dedicated to Newell Edwin "Ned" Freeman February 2, 1902 - March 30, 1969 FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN COUNCIL OF THE BLIND 1961 - 1966 EDITOR OF THE BRAILLE FORUM 1966 - 1969 Associate Editor -- 1961 - 1966 President, Georgia Federation of the Blind 1962-1964, 1966-1969 Caption: Ned Freeman sits in a chair at his desk, with a loaded braille writer in front of him, and a small bookcase with what looks like audio equipment on top of it behind him. He sports a white shirt, dark slacks, and a light-colored tie. ***** ** In Memory of Ned E. Freeman By Reese Robrahn There have been some rumblings of late in legislative halls and elsewhere that before more services and programs are made available to blind people attention should be given to the needs of other handicapped groups and minorities. My purpose here is not to comment on that premise, except to say that this viewpoint demonstrates the fact that the blind of this nation, notwithstanding their position of weakness in terms of numbers, have made outstanding gains. These gains, if we analyze it, must be attributed to the efforts of a few able and dedicated leaders. Ned Freeman was one of these leaders. No one, save for a few of us who have been privileged to work closely with him, can fully know and appreciate the seemingly insurmountable task performed by Ned in molding together the American Council of the Blind as its first President and in carrying on that task through the media of the Braille Forum Magazine and literally thousands upon thousands of personal letters. There has been perhaps no leader of the organized blind on the national scene who has devoted so much talent and effort and man hours of labor in such a comparatively brief span of time. The cause of the blind of this nation was almost an obsession with Ned. I say almost an obsession because while the cause of the blind was all consuming with him it was tempered by a certain reasonableness and even gentility. And this apparent admixture of characteristics was unique to Ned. These qualities combined with the ingredients of knowledge, untiring effort and unswerving dedication to result in the success of Ned Freeman; and it is what the American Council of the Blind is all about. Though his physical being is no longer a part of the scene, his spirit and good works will remain forever in the lives of blind people who survive him and who will come after him. ***** ** In Memoriam No man is indispensable, but a few are irreplaceable. In my view Ned Freeman was one of these last. Although few of us had known Ned before the NFB convention in Miami in 1960, such was his personal magnetism, his quiet competence, his ability to inspire trust and confidence, that when our desperate efforts to maintain unity were ruthlessly crushed and those of us who still believed in democracy left that convention, there was no question in any of our minds but that Ned must be our leader, our founding President. Intellectually I accept the fact that he has been taken from us but emotionally there is still only horrified rejection. I find it almost impossible to conceive of what it will be like at Charlotte next July without that calm, kindly voice, that wise, tolerant presence, that firm, friendly handclasp with which he had always greeted each of us. He was loved and revered by all who knew him and his memory will live on in our hearts. -- George Card The career of Ned Freeman more than anything else typifies the new tactics and the new spirit of dignity, responsibility, restraint and conciliation which ACB has brought to organizations of the blind. Others might beat the drums of controversy and sound the trumpets of discord; but, in these days of noisy confused turmoil Ned's voice was the voice of reason and benevolence. Others might pursue material gain and personal glory; Ned asked only to serve the cause in which be believed. Others might take personal affront from refutations of their cherished opinions; Ned heeded such differences respectfully and accepted criticism with equanimity. In the formative years of ACB, as its first president, he guided its destinies calmly but firmly. When the time came for him to step down from that office, he did so gracefully and without bitterness. He asked only the opportunity to serve his successor which he did with dedication and distinction as the editor of the FORUM. Ned did not confine his interests or his endeavors to the narrow field of work for the blind. He was active in church work and in local politics. He was concerned about the plight of the deaf-blind and did all he could to ameliorate their lot. He was one of the first to advocate the extension of Talking Book services to the physically handicapped generally. Superlatives would seem completely out of place in any tribute to this modest man. Suffice it to say that his wisdom and understanding will be sorely missed. The best tribute that those who must carry on can pay to his memory is to preserve within the organization to which he gave so much his spirit of selflessness and tolerance. -- Earl Scharry With the passing of Ned Freeman, the world lost a great leader, a self-sacrificing humanitarian, and a man with constructive imagination. Although Ned was only active in the organized blind movement for a decade, he earned worldwide recognition and had the qualities and interests essential for getting the American Council of the Blind off to a good start through the troubled waters that beset any new organization. As a graduate of the University of Nebraska (his native State) and a gentleman farmer in Georgia, he had the intelligence and charm to make him welcome in any group. His twenty-five years as a chemist for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration taught him objectivity, perseverance and resourcefulness. Because failing vision forced him to retire from his position, he had the time to give to volunteer service and the blind are most fortunate to be the beneficiaries of his sacrifice of time, labor and money. After attending the NFB Miami convention in 1960, when the Georgia Federation of the Blind was one of the six states suspended from membership for no announced charge, he was challenged by this lack of fair play and by the need for a democratic organization to promote the welfare of the blind. Upon returning from Miami, he was elected a vice president of the Georgia Federation of the Blind and was sent by it over the Labor Day weekend to Nashville to meet with other representatives of suspended state affiliates and a representative from the Associated Blind of California to discuss the formation of a new national organization. As president of ABC it was my privilege to first meet Ned at this time, and I was greatly impressed with his quiet, sure and courteous manner. He had not been part of the emotion-fraught battles in the National Federation of the Blind during the past few years. He could be objective. With his blindness having occurred relatively recently, he was not shackled by the negative feelings that handicap some long-time workers for the blind. He had time, health, enthusiasm and a devoted wife to help him. He did not belong to any clique. He evaluated people on their abilities as he saw them, not upon what they had or had not done in the past. He was just what the new organization needed, and it wisely chose him as charter president in 1961. He had the time to work out excellent brochures to publicize the new group. He made time for the extensive correspondence involved in planning the constructive conventions and establishing projects. He worked out an educational leaflet on glaucoma to help with public education. Because of his gentle but positive manner, he made many friends at the 1964 New York meeting of the World Council for the Welfare of the Blind and had much to do with the behind-the-scenes manipulation that finally resulted in ACB being invited to join the American Delegation to the World Council. He understood government procedure and red tape and was able to make valuable contacts in Washington with those administering services to the blind. He had to overcome some bad images of the blind who had shown little respect for administrators of services for the blind and thus had incurred much ill will. He attended at his own expense the first sessions of the Commission on Standards which grew to be the National Accreditation Council for Agencies Serving the Blind. In fact, shortly before this he had circulated a letter suggesting some such cooperative effort among all groups concerned with work with, for and by the blind. Few of us would have had time or energy to make two trips to Toronto in 1968 to attend conventions of the American Association of Instructors for the Blind, and later the American Association of Workers for the Blind. Because he did so, and manned an attractive ACB booth, much favorable publicity was gained for the American Council of the Blind. As editor of the BRAILLE FORUM he spent innumerable hours in correspondence, preparing and distributing the tape edition. No employed person could have done this in spare time. His sense of fair play, tolerance and good ethics kept the magazine on a high, professional level and avoided the mud-slinging that might have appeared. Yes, Ned was truly the right man to serve five years as our charter president and to lay foundations for ACB's future growth. Without him, ACB will have to enter a new era. I trust we can adhere to the high principles he established. It was a rich privilege to have known him. -- Juliet Bindt It was in St. Louis, in '62, when I first met Ned Freeman. It was a time of strife and bitterness for the organized blind of this nation, and there seemed little else for us then. Yet, Ned, as none other, showed us the error of this way. Like Bergson, the philosopher, Ned made it abundantly clear that "the motive power of democracy is love." In the years that followed, he proved time after time that people will be kind if given a chance and be more the people you would wish them to be. And in the noisy confusion of life he kept peace in his soul, and, just as violence begets violence, so his calm and his warmth found response in us all. In his demeanor, even more than in words, Ned never ceased to convey the conviction that the sole reason for the American Council's existence was that to be found in the tenet so aptly laid down by John Wesley, the great religious leader, centuries ago in a time of similar turmoil, which said: "Do all the good you can, by all the means you can, in all the ways you can, in all the places you can, at all the times you can, to all the people you can, as long as ever you can." This HE did, and has done; this was Ned to me. His life of love lives forever in the hearts of his fellow men. -- George Fogarty Resolution 69-A-1 (Included in this issue of the FORUM at the request of ABC President Cathy Skivers) WHEREAS, all the members of the Associated Blind of California were greatly shocked and grieved to learn of the recent death of our good friend and most honored compatriot, Ned Freeman, and WHEREAS, it is universally felt that this is a great loss to the organized blind movement, and WHEREAS, Ned, as the first president of the American Council of the Blind and later as the editor of THE BRAILLE FORUM, has had great influence and has contributed so much to our organizations and to their work, and WHEREAS, he has been so well respected and loved by all who have known him, NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Associated Blind of California in regular convention assembled on the 12th day of April, 1969, in Sacramento, California, that we urge that special recognition be established in his memory. We recommend to the Executive Board of the American Council of the Blind that such special recognition should be made in the form of a plaque which will honor Ned Freeman as the first president of the American Council of the Blind, and will recognize his contribution to that organization. PASSED UNANIMOUSLY It is very important that the wonderful efforts of Ned Freeman be recorded so that others may know the fine heritage of service that is theirs. During four years in the Congress it was my pleasure to correspond frequently with Ned. He invariably displayed a keen insight into the needs of the visually handicapped, and was always fully abreast of important pending legislation. It was his idea to sponsor free air transportation for companions of handicapped persons -- not only the blind. Based upon his suggestion, I proposed legislation to this effect and, with the sponsorship of the Council, appeared before the Aviation sub-committee of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. While no legislation ensured immediately therefrom, the matter was brought forcibly to public attention. If it comes to pass, it will be through the insight and foresight of Ned Freeman. -- Charles L. Weltner, Atlanta Ned Freeman worked closely with me while I served as U.S. Congressman from Georgia's Fourth District during the 89th Congress. Specifically, his work was influential in the extension of library service to include the physically handicapped as well as the blind, one of the significant pieces of legislation to pass the 89th Congress. Ned visited me in Washington and was also a guest at the White House on the occasion of the signing by President Johnson of the proclamation designating October 15th as the annual observance of National White Cane Safety Day. This was a project on which he worked for several years. Of particular significance was his work in the District. He served as Chairman of the Citizens Panel for Handicapped Persons which I organized, and this had the dual value of helping many handicapped persons and also educating the Congressman as to the needs of handicapped people. At a time of growing complexity, effective leaders such as Ned Freeman are desperately needed. ... He was an effective spokesman in the legislative halls of the nation. -- James M. Mackay, Atlanta In the saddening passing of Ned Freeman on Palm Sunday the blind community of this and every land suffered the loss of a strategic son, ACB was bereft its first president and a stalwart exponent of the blind achievement process, while our home and countless others lost an honored and an esteemed friend. Unquestionably many will delineate Ned's manifold interests, skills and achievements, this tribute will be limited to his espousal of the Christian way of life. When first our paths crossed at the Chicago Convention years ago, we began to enjoy the fruits of friendship with rapport. As our fellowship unfolded, I discovered that Ned was an Episcopal lay minister which resulted in a mutual interchange, enriching our fraternal, ecumenical and cultural experience. To me he illustrated how the mortal and the immortal are as interfused as are the rustic bulb and the Easter Lily, each as a part of the other. The numerous horizons yet unrealized and frontiers yet uncrossed by Ned may still be realized there as they were started here. "The facts of life confirm the hope, That in a world of wider scope, Things here faithfully begun will be completed, not undone." -- Dr. Harry Earle ***** ** The Years of Preparation Although Christened Newell Edwin for grandfather and uncle he was called Ned from the first. Born in Crawford, Nebraska, February 8, 1902, the family moved to Chadron, the county seat, when in 1904 his father, Clifton L. Freeman, was elected clerk of the district court of Dawes County. There his father bought a farm where he raised poultry and dairy cattle, specializing in white or light-colored breeds. At the close of his term of office his father decided to make a fortune in wool. He sold everything, bought a ranch near Belle Fourche, South Dakota, and put all his money into sheep. The move proved to be a disastrous one; the wool market crashed, his father lost everything, and by the end of 1909 the family was broken by divorce. His mother, the former Kate M. Buncher, took her four children to Lincoln where her two sisters, Genevieve Buncher and Nellie Pickup, opened their home and their arms to them. Having become a school teacher at age 18 his mother now taught elementary school in Milford and then in Crawford before joining the faculty of the state school for the blind in Nebraska City. During all this time the home in Lincoln remained the family headquarters. Here the family gathered for Christmas, the younger children were cared for while their mother went to summer school, and the older children lived while they attended high school and college. During his university years Ned had become actively involved with the University Episcopal Church just off campus. At the University he made a brilliant record in chemistry and in his graduation year he took a job as chemist in the Federal Food and Drug Administration. His first assignment was in New Orleans where, through youth activities, he met and married Loretta Tutwiler. A transfer to the Kansas City laboratory was their honeymoon on March 30, 1927. There was later transfer to Chicago, but 1930 found them back in New Orleans with a small son. The years in New Orleans were busy ones with church and school activities and the arrival of two daughters. It was during this time that a visual problem was first diagnosed -- a deterioration of the optic nerve probably from imbedded and diseased tonsils. The consoling conclusion "not likely to progress" dismissed any real fear for the future and a step up to the Atlanta laboratory in 1937 was welcomed. The Atlanta years included a Play School for preschoolers in the home, Cub and Boy Scout activities -- Ned organized and became Cubmaster of a group when his son reached such age; Civil Defense and First Aid projects during the war, a house full of mothers and children in need of a home, and the birth of a second son. During this time the family was too busy to be greatly concerned about Ned's sight, but in 1944 an accident getting off the bus near home focused attention on the fact that he did not see. Several months at home with his leg in a cast brought the family very close to their Dad who was always cheerful, ready to answer their questions and full of witty and interesting tales -- with never a hint of the fear in his heart. His very close friend and co-worker in the Atlanta laboratory, Clarence Schiffman, says, "I worked side by side with Ned for over ten years and I never saw a more cheerful and optimistic fellow. He was interested in everything, in people, in life. I often went to him for helpful discussions concerning our work and many other things. I depended strongly on him for scientific matters, especially theory. It isn't often that you find someone so good in both theory and mathematics. When we all began to recognize that Ned was losing his sight it didn't seem to faze him. I don't know if you would call it faith, or courage, or what, but he never complained or seemed to be afraid." So it was at home. Quite matter-of-factly it was decided that disability retirement was imminent and the best solution was to buy about ten acres of land, raise a few cattle, produce the family's food, and perhaps go into the poultry business. Life would then be quite simple. As they shopped for land the idea grew and in 1946 the family moved to an old tenant house on their own 350-acre farm nearly 30 miles from Atlanta in a totally strange community -- without electricity! For two more years Ned commuted to the laboratory while directing his city-born family in the farming project. In the meantime, the elder son was serving in the U.S. Coast Guard. By the time final retirement came financial resources has been exhausted through crop failures -- and inexperience. Lean years followed, testing faith and courage. Some land was sold and Ned's brother had faith in us. Loretta accepted the job as Extension Clerk in the County Agent's Office, the children were into everything at school, and Ned offered to teach science and math in the local school where teachers were scarce -- but who ever heard of a blind man teaching school! He did give lectures often to the Science Club. Ned taught himself braille through a course offered by the Orlando Lions and was soon writing braille letters to folks like George Card, editor of MONITOR, and reading whatever the library had on such things as anthropology. He also became interested in braille magazines from Germany. He built a chicken house, milked the cows, helped his wife and daughters remodel the house -- and before long was assisting in the organization of churches in the surrounding counties. He served on the State Board of the Mental Health Association worked with the Red Cross and the Lions Club. By 1959 three children were married and eight of the twelve grandchildren had arrived. The eldest son was a practicing physician, the eldest daughter a registered nurse, and the younger daughter had built a home nearby on the farm, and the younger son was away in the Navy. The time was right for a dramatic turn toward broader horizons. A telephone call provided the cue. Jim Corbett, Executive Director, Georgia Lions Lighthouse Foundation, says, "Having worked with Ned during the days of his adjustment to blindness I recognized how badly our Atlanta Chapter, Georgia Federation of the Blind, needed him. During a particularly critical time I phone him and urged him especially to attend this meeting -- and I don't believe he missed one from then on. The members soon realized that he would be an excellent president. He was elected and served two terms. In the meantime, he went as a delegate to the NFB convention in Miami confident that a reasonable approach would ease the tensions he had been told about. ..." So, the cows were turned out to pasture, there was work to be done elsewhere. * Excerpts (From a few of the many letters that have come -- and continue to come) ... My wife and I both knew Ned personally and had long bull sessions with him at AAWB conventions. Just last summer in Toronto Ned came to our room and we enjoyed a long shoptalk session. ... This office shares the sorrow of many at the passing of the man whose name symbolized the respect that the readers of the FORUM held for the magazine he edited. -- Ernest Shaheen, Matilda Ziegler Magazine ... That convention in Rochester will always remain with me as one of the pleasantest meetings I ever attended, simply because I felt so welcome, and I was so much looking forward to seeing you both again this year in London and in New Delhi. ... Ned will always remain for me one of that very small group of people whose friendship never fades. John E. Jarvis, World Council for the Welfare of the Blind, London ... I do not believe that words alone are a fitting tribute to Ned's memory. I believe that those of us who grope for words on this occasion should reach for deeds: deeds which he would have wanted us to do on behalf of all the blind ... it will by my sincere desire to serve ACB wherever and whenever I can, carrying on Ned's work. -- Linda Podell, Baltimore ... He was so very helpful throughout the years when we were attempting to build a program of services for the blind in Atlanta. I know that he will be missed not only in Georgia but throughout the country for his contribution was national. -- Doris Sausser, American Foundation for the Blind ... Ned loved the people he served, and served with unselfish dedication those people he loved. Now it is left to us to reap the harvest of the seeds he has sown over the years. ... I was looking forward to working with Ned at the AAWB in Chicago this summer. -- Phyllis Stern, Illinois Federation ... a wonderful leader. Not because he was the most outgoing member, or could talk faster than the others, but because he was a man of the highest principles. Without Ned ACB could not have gained the stature and prestige that it has. He had the courage of his convictions, and he would not swerve. He would stand up and be counted for what he felt was right, and these qualities are rare in so many these days. -- Florence Verken, Wisconsin ... Those of us who were acquainted with Ned and his work will not soon forget him, and he will be sadly missed. -- Robert S. Bray, Library of Congress ... I was just beginning to know Ned and to work with him on the Board of Directors of AAWB. ... Those of us who are blind and working in this vineyard appreciate his contribution to the field. ... -- Howard Hanson, President, AAWB ... Ned and I had a delightful friendship. I first met up with him by mail in the publication of the FORUM by the Printing House. I later got to know him personally at various conventions. And it was always fun. He was what I consider a tolerant, practical man. He understood our APH problems when we goofed, and he appreciated my catching the goofs at his end. I do not know, really, whether I shall miss him more professionally or as a friend, but I shall miss him very much, for he honored me as a friend, not as a sighted professional worker for the blind, and I honored him as a friend, not because he was blind. When I saw him last summer at the Toronto convention, he informed me he was busy raising "grandchildren and cain," and I am sure he didn't mean "sugarcane." There should be more like him in our world. -- Marjorie S. Hooper, American Printing House for the Blind ... We of the Florida Federation are inspired by the memory of what Ned was and what he did. We remember him and his address at our Convention in Miami Beach. While we had considered affiliation with the Council for some years, everyone knows that it was his tact, intelligence and common sense that finally did the job for us. I find myself wondering what the American Council will be without him. ... I am glad that I had a chance to meet and appreciate Ned Freeman. -- H. Loy Sumner Ned did so much to encourage all handicapped people and help them to want to better their condition whatever it may have been ... He was not only an excellent executive ... but he had a quick wit and wonderful sense of humor. ... A party was never quite the same if they were not there. -- Ralph and Valeria Richardson, Atlanta ... Ned's presidency of the Georgia Federation was most significant. As a spokesman for the organized blind he made contacts with welfare and rehab administrators and with legislators, gaining their respect and alerting them to the needs. It was through his initiative that the GFB was put on an independent financial footing, enabling our group to carry out programs such as scholarships for the special training of teachers of blind children. ... In years to come there will be young blind people who will not know of Ned and his valuable contribution; nevertheless, they will have benefited in some way from his years of devoted leadership. ... -- Jack Lewis, GFB Ned was to me an example of the Twentieth Century saint. he was always a free and joyous spirit. For those who knew him there was an example of Christian fortitude and serenity such as in seldom seen ... -- Rt. Rev. Girault Jones, Bishop of Louisiana * Why Seek Ye the Living Among the Dead? Within a silken tomb a lifeless thing -- Or so it seemed -- for many days had lain! So still -- unlike to what it once had been No one would think to see it stir again. But see! The shroud by living force is rent, A thing of beauty spreads its bright hued wings! Far different from the crawling worm it was It soars, no longer chained to earthly things. In Joseph's rock hewn cave they laid to rest The tortured body of the Christ. In vain Seem now his efforts to bring man to God. With Jesus dead what hope could still remain? But death could not contain the Lord of Life! His followers found him not within the tomb. Then, as they hoped and prayed -- though doubting still -- Christ stood before them in the Upper Room. The Glorious Body of the Risen Lord Was limited by neither time nor space: So shall we be when from death's chrysalis We rise to meet the Master face to face. If insects -- after seeming death -- can rise To heights before unknown, bright wings unfurled, Shall we not reach our metamorphosis To bliss undreamed of in this mundane world? Written by Ned Freeman, 1952 ***** ** A Message from the Board of Publications The May issue is a little late reaching you, but we think you will understand and appreciate our desire to prepare for you an adequate issue of the BRAILLE FORUM dedicated to the memory of ACB's first President and FORUM editor. Ned Freeman assisted at the birth of the BRAILLE FORUM and helped name it. He has been vitally concerned with it from the beginning, serving as an Associate Editor before taking over the Editorship in 1966. As editor he often quoted "I care not who makes the laws of the land if I may write the songs." The Publications Board is now faced With the duty of naming a new Editor for the FORUM. We solicit your assistance. All ACB members are urged to submit names in nomination for the editorship, giving complete information regarding qualifications of any candidate and a statement regarding his willingness to serve in this capacity. Such nominations should reach the Board of Publications (names and addresses appear on the inside front cover) by July 7 in order that they may be given careful consideration before convention time. The Board would not, however, necessarily be bound by these nominations. M. Helen Vargo, Chairman ***** ** Everybody! All Aboard for Charlotte The eighth annual ACB convention will open at the White House Inn, Charlotte, North Carolina, July 15, 1969. Be sure to send in your reservation right away, stating that you will be attending the ACB Convention. Room rates start at $8 for a single and $12, double. The hotel is air conditioned and located in the heart of downtown Charlotte. For further information, contact Convention Chairman Ed Miller, 2621 Chesterfield Ave., Charlotte, 28205 - phone 704-375-4790. In addition to the separate convention of the Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America on the same day, there will be a seminar for computer programmers at 10 AM, an institute for blind lawyers at 1 PM, convention committee meetings and a session of the ACB Board of Directors. A get acquainted reception at 8 PM Tuesday to welcome the delegates from across the country will be hosted by the North Carolina Federation and Ed Miller, Convention Chairman. July 16, Wednesday -- The morning will be given to committee meetings and particularly the Resolutions Committee. The concluding session of the seminar for programmers will begin at 10 AM. Also at 10 AM there will be a conference of amateur radio operators to discuss establishment of an ACB Service Net. (More about our new specific groups at the end of these tentative program notes) Wednesday afternoon -- Following the official welcoming ceremonies at 1 PM there will be reports from the earlier meetings of RSVA and the institute for blind lawyers. Members of the staff of the Library of Congress, including Earl Scharry who is also Associate Editor of the BRAILLE FORUM; Ralph Garretson, head of the technical section, Division for the Blind; and Mrs. Freddie Peaco, head of Student's Service Division, will bring an informative account of their activities and discuss pending copyright legislation, etc. A demonstration of electronic devices developed by the Veterans Administration will be presented by Harvey Lauer of Chicago. Wednesday Evening -- John Naler, Field Representative, American Association of Workers for the Blind, will be a guest speaker. There will be an explanation of the College Orientation for blind students at Western Carolina University; and a session for persons interested in organized bowling through the American Blind Bowlers Assn., with a workshop on how to organize and run a bowling league. July 17, Thursday morning -- The annual President's report will be made by ACB President Reese Robrahn; the annual report of the Publications Board will be made by Chairman M. Helen Vargo; Travis Harris will tell about the ACB Service Net; and a summary of the seminar for computer programmers will be given. Mrs. Marian Leith will speak on regional library services followed by Robert S. Bray, Chief, Division for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress. Thursday afternoon -- A presentation of the employment of blind persons by the Internal Revenue Service and a discussion of methods of innovating new opportunities in other areas. The Resolutions Committee will make a preliminary report, followed by a presentation by panel participants on vocational opportunities in dictation transcribing. Thursday evening -- An unusual treat is in store. Chairman Ed Miller has arranged for special accommodations at the Pineville Dinner Theater, an interesting combination for dinner and a Broadway Show. The Show scheduled for this occasion is "Take Her, She's Mine." This promises to be a very enjoyable evening. Friday Morning, July 17 -- Report of the membership Committee, George Card, Chairman; discussion of membership involvement in the growth of the organization; explanation and discussion of legislation to extend tax credits to employers as an incentive for employment by Durward K. McDaniel, ACB National Representative; reports of Constitution and By-Laws Committee, Public Relations Committee, and Resolutions by Alexander F. Handel, Executive Director, National Accreditation Council for Agencies Serving the Blind will then bring a message. Friday Afternoon -- Panel discussion of the establishment and function of community service centers for the blind establishing local physical fitness projects discussed by Dr. Deno Reed of the Social and Rehabilitation Services Administration, of H.E.W.; and the North Carolina Commission for the Blind, a multi-service agency, will be described by Grady R. Galloway, Director, and staff members. Friday Evening -- The convention banquet highlight will be an address by the world-famous author, Mr. Harry Golden, of Charlotte. Post-banquet activities will involve host hospitality. Saturday Morning -- July 19 -- At 7:30 a.m., members of credit unions for the blind and others interested will gather for the Annual Credit Union Breakfast. Harry McKinney, Managing Director of the North Carolina Credit Union League, will be a guest speaker at the breakfast, which will be presided over by Edward S. Phillips, Jr., NCFB Credit Union President. Following the breakfast, further committee reports will be made, including a comprehensive report on national legislation; and Eric T. Boulter, President, World Council of the Welfare of the Blind; will address the convention. Saturday Afternoon -- A session on the BRAILLE FORUM, how to report for it and how to improve communications within the organization; a panel discussion on the pros and cons of the separate agency for the blind; reports of the audit committee, finance committee, the treasurer, and final reports of other committees; selection of the 1971 convention site; and the closing session will be a panel discussion by blind teachers and others about the problems of training and placement and how the ACB can best participate in solving those problems. Adjournment. ***** ** Vendors Convention The first annual convention of the Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America, a new national organization composed of blind and visually handicapped concessionaires, will be held in Charlotte at the White House Inn, July 15, 1969. It will be preceded by a meeting of the RSVA Board of Directors Monday evening. The vendors' convention has been scheduled for this time to permit its members to participate in the ACB convention. Of special interest to the vendors will be a detailed report on national legislation directly affecting the Randolph-Sheppard program and related legislative subjects. A nationally known guest speaker, Leonard Robinson, of Washington, D.C., will trace the history of the Randolph-Sheppard Act and the development of programs during the past thirty-three years. Mr. Robinson was the leading pioneer advocate of the Randolph-Sheppard Act which became law in 1936. During the past year the Randolph-Sheppard Vendors organization has acquired more than 400 members and affiliated groups of vendors in eight states. Membership at large is open to blind vendors upon the payment of $2.00 as annual dues to the treasurer, Wayne Gilmore, 737 South Clifton Street, Wichita, Kansas 67218. Dues must be received by June 15, 1969, to qualify the applicant for full voting rights in the July convention. ***** ** Institute for Blind Lawyers On Tuesday, July 15, 1969, at the White House Inn, in Charlotte, North Carolina, blind lawyers from all parts of the country will convene in an Institute to lay plans for a permanent organization for their mutual help and benefit and for assistance to organizations serving the blind. Professor T. Munford Boyd, University of Virginia Law School, will moderate this Institute and will report its findings and plans to the ACB convention. Specific questions and all inquiries may be directed to the ACB's National Office, in Washington, D.C. ***** ** Seminar for Computer Programmers Also on Tuesday morning at the White House Inn, blind computer programmers will conduct a seminar dealing with professional matters of interest and concern to them. It is expected that plans will be developed for an organized effort to cope with the problems and needs of blind programmers on a continuing basis. ***** ** Calling All Hams -- ACB Service Net By Travis L. Harris (Editor's Note: Mr. Harris has volunteered to coordinate the establishment of the Service Net and will preside at the scheduled meeting of ham operators at Charlotte, 10:00 a.m., July 16. This promises to be a major communication service to blind people and to provide more efficient sharing of information within ACB.) Would you like to have a hobby which you can enjoy day or night, weather hot or cold, wet or dry, and any season of the year in the quiet of your own home? A hobby where you can tinker, construct, learn, handle traffic, handle phone patches, serve in emergencies, rag chew, or just listen? A hobby which will help you know what is going on across town or across the country? One where you can share your joys and sorrows, your successes and failures, with your friends blind or sighted throughout the world? Or would you just like to have a better means of keeping in communication with your friends and relatives? If so, read on. ACB is organizing a service net. To do this we are going to need your help. First, we hope to tie our major cities together by enlisting those of you and your sighted friends who are already hams and who can meet on given frequencies and handle phone patches and informal traffic. How does it work? Bill, who lives in Washington, wants to get a message to or talk with Joe, who lives in Denver. If they are both hams, they can check the time and frequency to determine the best way to make contact with Denver. If neither is a ham, the one wishing to get the message through will contact a ham in his town and express his desire. The ham will carry on from there. You can readily see that it is going to take planning, dedication, and hard work to make the ACB Service Net go; but, with the Council's backing and the membership behind the project, we will succeed. There is no desire to have only blind participants in our Service Net, so talk with your friends about it, come to Charlotte, and help us get the net on the air. In future issues of the FORUM, we will provide you with times and frequencies of the net. In the meantime, if any of you are hams, look around 14.305 MH, 21.405 MH between 1800 and 1900 CST (12:00 noon to 1:00 p.m. C.S.T.). You may find W5PGD or K5AMI in Oklahoma City who can discuss the matter further with you. ***** ** ACB Tour to Puerto Rico Arrangements have been made with a national travel agency for a tour to San Juan, Puerto Rico, commencing Sunday, July 20, 1969. ACB conventioneers can leave directly from Charlotte, and other persons may make special arrangements upon inquiry. Arriving in San Juan in time for dinner Sunday, the schedule is: Monday, a tour of old and new San Juan including El Morro Castle, historic landmarks of the city, the Santurce's residential district, the University of Puerto Rico; Tuesday evening a cocktail reception with hot and cold hors d'oeuvres is planned, and an optional tour to quaint old St. Thomas, thirty minutes away by air, will be available for an additional $37.50; Wednesday, a visit to the El Dorado and pineapple country. This is a pleasant drive across the bay from San Juan to Catano where there will be a complete tour of the famous Bacardi Rum Distillery --with complimentary rum drinks. Then a drive along the ocean to the Lawrence Rockefeller El Dorado Beach and Golf Club and on through the most extensive pineapple plantation on the island. There will be a tour leader with the party commencing at the hotel in Charlotte and until the tourists board their return flights at San Juan Thursday, July 24. Ample free time has been allowed for shopping at the favorable prices on the islands and for complete selection of individual restaurants featuring a wide variety of American and international foods. ($200 worth of merchandise is allowed into the States duty free.) The race track and legal gambling casinos are there, too, waiting for all comers. Sun bathers and swimmers should be able to get a real tropical tan and there might even be time for some of that great fishing! The cost of the San Juan tour with jet air service from Charlotte to San Juan and return to Miami, including hotel accommodations and surface transportation, is $259. The tour cost does not include food. Passengers not returning home by way of Miami should consult their travel agents. It is important to make all reservations through the travel agent from your home city for the entire roundtrip, to obtain the best schedules and fares. When this is done, there is no tax on any portion of the flight because the passenger is going outside the continental U.S. The tour price is based on two persons sharing a room at the DaVinci Hotel. Single occupancy would be slightly more. The tour arrangement is that we get one airline pass for each fifteen passengers. Shall we raffle off the free passes? Arrangements must be made early, so write promptly to the ACB National Office for further information and a free brochure. We should hear from you by June 15. Ole! ***** ** Why Are You a Member? By J. Terry Carney (From a speech concerning ACB prepared for delivery at a convention) We are living in a time of organization fever. We as a nation are "joiners." There are civic clubs, social clubs, churches, drives, associations, federations, unions, companies, and so on. The blind are no different from the sighted, we are "joiners." Man is a social being; he must have companionship of those who think and feel the same as he does. Why have we as blind people formed our own organization? Is it because blindness makes us so different from the sighted that we require a special community of fellow blind with whom we can communicate and be understood? Are we then a social organization ... loss of sight being the only criteria for our membership or union? Are we then a selfish, self-centered group who have only our own ends as our purpose? Why are there so many organizations working with, for, and of the blind that it takes a book of 200 pages to list them? Could it be because people are unwilling to work together? Could it be because different leaders have different approaches ...? Could it be that the needs of the blind are so varied that it requires hundreds of different organizations to meet them? Could it be that all organizations have the same purposes and goals, but that the right hand doesn't know what the left hand is doing? Why are you a member of the Council? May I suggest some answers ... not necessarily the right answers, but perhaps they will give food for thought, and I hope motivation for Action. 1. There is no scientific evidence that proves we are different in personality traits, in sensory perception or in any way from the sighted population. 2. So, blindness is the only criteria, and 3. we are to a great extent a self-centered group, joining for social contact and to improve our own lot. ... Perhaps these are negative reasons. The question is not what are the goals of the organization, but rather what are your individual goals? (Now, concerning organizations) May I offer my own reason for having been a joiner ... not perfect or all inclusive. As visually impaired persons joining together we form a unique advisory council. Together, through our real and practical experiences, we can be consultants on any topic relating to blindness. The general public needs our advice, newly blinded persons need our advice, private and public, professional and civic organizations and agencies need our advice. Then, service to others -- (in the many) programs designed to give service to the blind, somehow, there are gaps between them all and it is often in these gaps that some blind are found floundering. I felt that our organization could find the gaps and close them with the needed service. What about helping a newcomer to our community ... What about the family with a newborn blind child? ... What about a clearing house for referring the blind to existing programs in the community where services may be obtained? I wanted to be in an organization that was so comprehensive in scope and so rich in practical knowledge that it could unite the efforts of all organizations and programs, thus becoming a magic link. Are my reasons those of an idealist -- expecting too much? Why are you a member? ***** ** Attention -- An Emergency Call By George Card, Membership Chairman For several years the American Council's major source of income has been through contract arrangement with an eastern fund-raising organization. We had hoped that this relationship would grow to be financially beneficial to the point where it would fully meet our budgetary needs. On the contrary, however, it was abruptly terminated just recently. This brings us face-to-face with a temporary but quite critical emergency. We are now completing negotiations with a fund raiser who has a long record of successful operations, and we will have a much more promising campaign in effect. But such a campaign will require months of careful preparation and cannot get under full steam until September. In the meantime our treasury has very little in the black column. This lack of money could cause our various activities and programs -- which have been going so extremely well -- to suffer severely. When the ACB Board met last November in St. Louis it was quite aware that a financial crisis might very possibly develop in 1969. It devised several revenue-producing projects of its own. One of these, naturally enough, was to turn to our own members and to sympathetic readers of the BRAILLE FORUM for help, It would be very nice if a national organization of the blind could operate effectively without money, but the facts of life are otherwise. Our magazine costs around four dollars per year per recipient but it is sent free. Individual membership dues have been abolished and those paid by our affiliates are wholly nominal -- twenty cents per member. We feel, therefore, that the overwhelming majority of those who are our own members and those who wish us well, can afford to back up their many expressions of loyalty and good will with a bit of financial help at this time. A contribution of five dollars will make you a Sponsoring Member; of ten dollars or more a Sustaining Member. Next September the FORUM will honor those who have proved their loyalty in this way by listing all their names. We are counting heavily on a generous response to this appeal. Send your checks to our ACB Treasurer, Mr. Fred Krepela, 363 Court Street, N.E., Salem, Oregon 97301. ***** ** Affiliates -- Let Your Votes Be Counted Last call for affiliate dues from Fred Krepela, ACB Treasurer, 363 Court St., NE, Salem, Oregon 97301. If you want your delegate votes at the ACB Convention in Charlotte, please get your Membership List and your 20 cents per member affiliate dues in to me immediately. There is little time left! As requested earlier, please send a completely new list, indicating blind or sighted members and voting and non-voting members, with complete addresses. Copy of the list should be sent to ACB Secretary M.J. Schmitt, 510 Tarrington Rd., Rochester, NY 14609. As we go to press affiliate memberships have been received from Michigan, Oregon, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Maricopa County Club, Phoenix; Georgia and the Bertha Perry Thrift Club, Atlanta. Some recent contributions: Paul Douglas, Pittsburgh, PA Claude R. Rennison, Joplin, MO Mrs. Ida T. Goll, New Orleans, LA Mrs. Juliet Bindt, Berkeley, CA Sarasota Chapter, Florida Federation Pauline Forrest, McMinnville, OR Glenn Casteel, Portland, OR Dick Kohl, Portland, OR Lucile Krepela, Salem, OR Mr. & Mrs. Carlos M. Erwin, Baton Rouge, LA Hank LaBonne, Baton Rouge, LA Mrs. Mary Nolan, Anaheim, CA Mrs. Len Toy Stoakes, Honolulu Mrs. Howard Schultz, PA Gussie Unterman, Brooklyn, NY Indiana Agency, Fort Wayne Mrs. Alice Bankston, Telford, PA * Washington Office Norman L. Kruse, Olivette, MO * Undesignated Unknown, Freeport, IL Jim Bock, Appleton City, MO Mrs. Merkel H. Jacobs, Media, PA Mrs. Arthur Skeats, Worchester, MA Lulu K. Weiser, York, PA Cecilia DeMille Harper, Los Angeles, CA Kenneth M. Smith, Boston, MA * Sponsoring Memberships The Seeing Eye, Inc., Morristown, NJ Miss Blanche Cornell, Milwaukee, WI Special Memorial Gifts have come from many sources including individuals and organizations. These will be listed in the FORUM as space permits. ***** ** Concerning Compressed Speech In response to several requests for information the FORUM editor made some inquiries regarding time compressed or expanded recorded tapes. The following letter from Emerson Foulke, Ph.D., University of Louisville (KY), will answer some of your questions: "Unfortunately, it is still not feasible for individual blind readers to obtain time-compressed recorded tapes. The problem is one of inadequate facilities and excessive costs. I am enclosing a statement of the services available at the Center for Rate Controlled Recordings (address: Louisville, KY 40208). The charges indicated in this statement are barely adequate to meet my expenses, and yet they would be prohibitive for an individual reader. It should be possible to organize a facility manned by volunteer workers, from which time-compressed recorded tapes could be prepared for individual requestors. I hope to do this sometime, but it is not presently feasible. For one thing, I would need several thousand dollars of additional equipment, and my present budget will not allow for this. I am glad to hear of your continued interest in time-compressed speech and I hope to be in a position to make a more favorable report before too long." (Write direct to Dr. Foulke for above mentioned statement.) ***** ** ACB Tape Service We are indeed happy to report that, after many delays due to various problems, the following titles are now on file in the FORUM office. Those of you who have requested any of these before now, please ask again. We will copy any item on your own tape without charge or make a copy for you for a flat price of $1.50 per reel. The following HEW reports -- New Frontiers for Research on Deaf-Blindness Conference - Selection, Training and Placement of Blind Teachers Characteristics and Trends of Clients Rehabilitated The Abacus Made Easy - Mae Davidow, Ed.D. A Symposium - No Time to Lose - Pauline Moore, AFB (On the education of multiply impaired blind children) Electronic Aids for the Blind - T.A. Benham, Ph.D. Proceedings - Institute on Problems of Training Newly Blind Homemakers - Prepared by Western Michigan University with VRA-HEW A Guide to Rehabilitation Services - Prepared by Frank S. Greenberg, Morga Memorial, Inc., Boston Teaching Housekeeping to Bind Homemakers - Joy Gilpin, Brooklyn Bureau of Social Service, and Children's Aid Society, New York Suggestions for Functioning as a Sighted Guide - Francis Ryan - Braille Institute of America, Inc. Proceedings of the Research Conference on Geriatric Blindness and Severe Visual Impairment - AFB Report of the National Advisory Council on Welfare - "Having the Power We Have the Duty" - HEW Also - Broadcast Talks - Right and Wrong - C.S. Lewis, London Principles of Church Union Origin of the Races - Carlton Coon (7 reels) Back issues of the Braille Forum Suggested titles and contributed tapes by our readers will be welcomed. Contact the FORUM office. ***** ** In the Defense of the IBM Electric By Douglas Spade This morning I received the March issue of the BRAILLE FORUM and as always was most anxious to read it. Although some of the items do somewhat disturb me, this is the first time I have been disturbed enough to write. The article on the new IBM Electric Typewriter that writes braille seems to me to be very one-sided. I have just purchased one of these and have found it works quite satisfactorily in most cases. It is not nearly as difficult to operate as one is led to believe, if you are able to take a little time to read the instructions and work with the machine. The braille is quite easy to read, and I feel IBM has done very well considering the complexity of the braille grade system. I can understand that it might be difficult to use in schools and for some transcribing purposes, but in my case, and in the case of many other business men, this machine is a real breakthrough. I am attending a small college and my text books and classroom material are not particularly easy to obtain. This machine has served as a good tool in transcribing of most literature, such as hand-out sheets needed in college. Of much more importance, I intend to make radio broadcasting my career, and in furthering this goal the IBM is the best news I have had in a long time. It works most satisfactorily in the transcribing of news, commercial copy, etc. and I have found little if any trouble fluently reading grade one braille on the air. The secretaries have little trouble with the machine, since they are familiar with the regular electric machines. Although expensive, the IBM has already begun to pay for itself for me and I find it hard to believe I am alone. It is making possible things I hardly dreamed could occur. The broadcasting industry certainly is not the only business in which the IBM could be effectively used. I have read of only one other blind person making or planning to make his career in broadcasting and/or radio engineering. Aren't there any, or if there are, why is this rarely mentioned? It would be a welcome change from vending machine operation and welfare, etc. Not every blind person, but neither could every sighted person do this work, but it is another avenue. I would certainly appreciate correspondence with any other blind person employed in broadcasting. (Address: 1266 Grass Lake Rd., Rt. 2, Osseo, MI 49266) Miss Daisy Smith, Atlanta, also thinks the March FORUM item was too severe. "We are always ready to complain about too many things," she says, "-- blind people more than others, I believe. We will gripe, but we seldom commend. IBM has tried hard to work out something for us and we are grateful. Even a slate will sometimes mangle the paper!" ***** ** A Crying Need for Qualified Teachers "About 108,000 full-time public school teachers who instruct an estimated 2.5 million pupils do not meet the state or local certification requirements for their positions. These teachers represent 5.6 percent of the nation's total." This is quoted from a release of April 2, 1969, by the National Center of Educational Statistics, U.S. Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. These are striking statistics in any event, but particularly with respect to the difficulty experienced by qualified blind teachers in obtaining employment. In view of these facts, there certainly can be no justification for colleges and universities denying blind students the right to qualify themselves educationally of teachers. There obviously is a need for better qualified teachers, and blind teachers and prospective teachers want an opportunity to qualify and to teach. The subject of the training and placement of blind teachers will be discussed by a panel of blind teachers at the A.C.B. Convention in Charlotte on Saturday, July 19. Participation by blind teachers and prospective teachers is urged to help plan for future action. ***** ** Forecast of Legislative Action The first Session of the 91st Congress has produced a flood of bills on many subjects of interest to blind persons. The volume is so great that space limitations of our periodical will not permit an adequate summary. It is our plan to report on bills and legislative subjects as it is timely and as action is required. If you have not requested that your name be added to the legislative action bulletin list, you may do so by writing to the national office. Whenever possible, bulletins will be sent in braille if requested and if time permits. The Council is actively engaged in noting bills introduced, hearings, in testifying and filing statements as they are permitted. As we go to press the only hearings of consequence are forecast for later periods. A bulletin will be issued on vending stand amendments when they are introduced, and public reaction will be urged. The same will hold true on the broad scope of social security and welfare amendments and other HEW related legislation in preparation for action. The Council and other organizations are again actively supporting the disability insurance amendment providing eligibility based on six quarters of coverage. ***** ** Kansas Stand Case on Appeal The trial court ruled in favor of the government defendants in the Kansas vending stand case. The blind operator and the state licensing agency have appealed to the Court of Appeals and briefs of all parties should be on file by the middle of May. The issue in the case arose when the Post Office ordered the state licensing agency to remove vending machines from the federal installation so that the federal employee welfare committee could contract to install other machines and derive the commissions therefrom instead of the blind operator. The Post Office Department contends that it has power to prefer the employee welfare committee to the state agency and the blind operator because of its own regulations and its contract with unions of postal employees. The blind operator and the state agency contend that the assignment of profits from vending machines to persons without authorization by Congress is illegal and they seek to enjoin the government defendants from enforcing the order to remove the machines from which a blind operator received about fifty dollars per week. The Court ruled that the parties did not have legal standing to sue for the injunction even though the assignment to the employees might be illegal. The American Council is assisting in the prosecution of this case in the interest of all vending stand operators. The Council's National Representative is acting as attorney for the operator. Charles V. Hamm, Attorney for the state licensing agency is chief counsel for the state. They are collaborating in all respects since their objectives in the case are identical. A detailed report on this case will be made at the annual convention of the Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America on July 15, in Charlotte. Vending stand operators are urged to attend and to become active in the constructive effort to defend and to improve the rights and opportunities of all operators. ***** ** Court Invalidates Residency Rule (From the New York Times, April 22, 1969 -- by Fred P. Graham.) The Supreme Court declared today that states could not constitutionally deny welfare benefits to poor people because they had recently migrated from other states. In a sweeping decision, the court ruled 6 to 3 that the one-year welfare residency requirements in Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia discriminated against recently arrived poor persons and violated needy people's freedom to travel. The majority opinion by Justice William J. Brennan Jr. stated that it is "constitutionally impermissible" for a state to enforce a waiting period for "the purpose of inhibiting migration by needy persons into the state." Justice Brennan placed great emphasis on these words when he announced his opinion from the bench this morning. "This Court long ago recognized," he added, "that the nature of our Federal union and our constitutional concepts of personal liberty unite to require that all citizens be free to travel throughout the length and breadth of our land unlimited by statutes, rules, or regulations which unreasonably burden or restrict this movement. ... Robert H. Finch, Secretary of HEW, said at a news conference today that the ruling would make national standards for welfare "inevitable." "To say that it will have a substantial impact on Federal and state budgets is a massive understatement," Mr. Finch said. He added that the ruling would "modify substantially the proposals for welfare reform we now have at the White House." The Administration had planned to unveil a welfare reform package this week, he said, but the proposals will have to be reevaluated in light of today's Court ruling. Today's ruling will invalidate some 40 state laws ... that deny benefits to persons who have not lived in the state for at least a year. Primarily affected is the burgeoning aid to dependent children program, but also involves old age assistance, aid to the totally disabled, and aid to the blind. ***** ** Loretta's Corner Now it is lonely here in my corner. It was on our forty-second wedding anniversary that our Good and Faithful Servant Ned was called to Larger Service. Surely the Lord must have need of him. We will carry on for him as best we can. We in our family have learned that even death can be beautiful. Our hearts are overflowing with gratitude for the Call that has come gently, without prolonged suffering for the years we have been privileged to share, and for the love and courage that has become a part of all of us. So much respect and genuine humble devotion has surrounded us during these weeks in tribute to our gentle, unassuming Ned that I feel an almost overwhelming sense of awe. Ned's body was bequeathed by him to medical science and a Memorial Service was held on Thursday, April 3. Because we soon realized our small church would not hold those who planned to come, we moved outdoors. There, under the blue and white spring sky we held our own Easter service before the altar which stood beside a large rock formation under a graceful plum tree in full flower, with the woods as a background. Following the opening sentences our daughter Helen sang "I Know That My Redeemer Liveth," from the Messiah. Her Daddy had been helping her with this in preparation for her choir's presentation of the Easter segment. Among the prayers during the Eucharist was the following one composed by Ned's sister as she watched national TV -- "O God, while the prayers of the world go up for a fallen leader, wilt thou bend down thine ear to our prayers for another great man, a man who took the rock that life handed to him and carved from it something beautiful and lasting -- a man who in a situation truly desperate could keep his sanity, his keenness of mind, his affection, and his sense of humor. Wherever he is this day, keep him, O God, in thy bounteous care, and may light perpetual shine upon him. Amen." It was truly a beautiful occasion. Among those attending were ACB National Representative Durward McDaniel and ACB Board Member Ed Miller. I cannot say with St. Paul, he "has finished the course." There was so much he had planned -- so many unfinished projects both within ACB and throughout our State of Georgia. This included considerable FORUM correspondence and tape material. We will do our best with all of this, and I know our FORUM family will be patient and understanding. My prayer is that we may now have a gentle tie that will bind ACB into a closer, stronger voice and force. ***** ** A-Traveling We Can Go Many interesting opportunities are now being offered to blind persons who have longed to travel and see the world. A specially designed "Holiday in Europe Tour" has been prepared by Franklin Travel, Inc., 344 Suburban Station Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19103. This tour will leave Philadelphia August 11 and return on September 1. The cost is approximately $1,000 and includes air fares, first class hotels with meals, private deluxe motorcoach, and personalized guide services in London (6 days), Lucerne, Rome, Pompeii, Sorrento and Paris (5 days). Write for information. Mrs. Betty J. Hoffman, Evergreen Travel Service, Box 583, Lynwood, WA 98036 has for several years planned tours for the blind as mentioned before in the FORUM. One such tour was described in DIALOGUE and reported that "a blind medical doctor was allowed to climb up on the pedestal and examine Venus de Milo. When he came down, his professional comment was: 'She has no tumor of the breast.'" A fashion show by one of the big designers was also "brailled." Write Mrs. Hoffman for the information about her 1969 plans. Campus Travel Service, 2704 W. Michigan Ave., Kalamazoo, MI 49007 also arranges special tours for visually handicapped persons and will be glad to send brochures. ***** ** Helping the Disadvantaged (From Performance, The Story of the Handicapped, Nov., 1968) The Office of Economic Opportunity in Washington is providing opportunities not only to the disadvantaged in the ghettoes, but prime opportunities as well to quite a few handicapped employees. And they're all making a name for themselves as valuable staff members. Working with disadvantaged youth is an area that David Gregal, 29, takes to particularly well, despite his blindness. That's because he's not afraid to get emotionally involved with the youth in Job Corps camps. In fact, he has become a counselor to the counselors, preparing manuals to explain the policies of OEO, as well as traveling among the various camps to provide guidance and direction to the counselors as well as the corpsmen. As a blind youth of immigrant parents who had many adjustments to make as he grew up and worked his way through two degrees at Penn State, he is almost instinctively aware of the problems corpsmen face. He finds time after his working hours to water ski, and to tinker around with his MG which he likes to drive on large deserted parking lots with a friendly guide alongside him. He brings plenty of energy to his job. He has prepared a bibliography for Job Corps counselors which won praise from them and from his superiors. Last November he was recognized with a Sustained Superior Performance Award. ***** ** A Workable Marking System Mrs. Doris Adee, Maplewood, La., reported to the Arkansas Enterprises for the Blind NEW LIFE. "I do all my cooking and my kitchen is completely marked in braille. I wrote labels for canned goods, freezer packages, everything in my refrigerator, cereal boxes, packages of food, etc. on used dictaphone tapes. I have organized my cupboards and I have a row for each type of vegetable, fruit, meats, etc. "The rows were made by cutting the wires from an old refrigerator shelf and putting one end through a small hole in the back of the cupboard just above the shelf. The other end of the wire was bent at a right angle and put into a small hole near the front of the shelf. This divider needs to be secure in order to keep the cans in their proper places. "I have vegetables on one shelf in alphabetical order and fruit on another, etc. The first can in each row has a label on it stating what it is. I also have a label on the shelf at the front of each row. I always get the can behind the labeled one and when the last can in the row has been used that label goes on my shopping list for shopping. "It had been suggested to me to use rubber bands for these labels. After I got home and tried them, we found out that this dictaphone tape would curl up, so we stapled it to thin cardboard from cereal boxes and stapled round elastic tape, bought from the dime store, and this can be cut in the length required for the item marked. "I have my own sewing box labeled too. My different threads are marked in braille. When I first came home and started marking everything, I came up with this idea and I like it. I thought I might pass it along. I have always wanted to have things to match in each bathroom, bedroom, etc. So on the inside of the label of my different towel sets I sewed different shapes and sizes of buttons on each set. Same thing with matching sheets and pillow cases. When I fold clothes now I run my hand down the edge and find the button." ***** ** Letters from Readers (Addresses furnished on request) Irwin Lutzky, Brooklyn, NY -- Judging solely from the two issues of the FORUM that I have read, I find ACB to have a very mature and positive outlook on life which I have never found before in any organization in which I have come in contact. It is for this reason that I would like to become a member of your group ... It has been my experience that most organizations for the blind are very rigid in their outlook and treat each client as though he were somewhat less than normal in intelligence. Alex Zindler, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada -- (I read) your BRAILLE FORUM with much interest and enthusiasm. Materials such as those provided by your organization enable the blind to lead meaningful, productive lives by being informed and aware of the many complex situations which affect them. Mrs. D.C. Dicks, Vicksburg, Miss. -- "... Human nature being what it is and there being so many viewpoints abroad, I don't wonder that it's proved impossible to unite all the blind under one umbrella. I do hope, though, we can make common cause on key issues. If we can't agree on policy, how can Congress know what to do? Paul LaCoute, East Port, Maine -- ... I am extending my deepest gratitude to all the staff of the BRAILLE FORUM for making it possible for me to obtain current events concerning the blind. I would like to leave a thought to all blind people: If only all would understand that God created us equally, -- we should all learn together, work together, play together and most of all, pray together. Jacklyn Redinger, Seattle -- I am a student and have a question about a problem. I wish to lessen reading time by speeding up the tape somewhat, even though this means that the voices will sound higher in pitch. Could you please ask your readers for recommendations as to how to do this economically? Increasing the diameter of the capstan by use of a metal sleeve is damaging to the machine and hard on tapes, I understand. A rheostat is also difficult to connect properly to a tape-recorded motor. The only other method I know of is to use a variable frequency power supply advertised in the AFB catalog at $97. Any suggestions would be appreciated. J.T. George, Pakistan -- ... I owe my gratitude to you for sending me the BRAILLE FORUM. I also send my congratulations to you and all your staff who are in cooperation with organization efforts and working jointly with you to keep this function working for us who are living quite afar off to have some ideas and information about yourselves. Bill Walker, Nashville, TN -- Could you give me information about specific vocations: Computer programs, and vending stand operations, also something about lighthouse for the blind ... As a suggestion, I'm quite sure your handicapped readers would like to know of job opportunities for vocations open to this variety of people. (We hope that these readers living nearby, especially, will make every effort to attend the ACB Convention in Charlotte. It will be well worth the effort.) ***** ** Know Ye! The National Accreditation Council reports that the first accredited charter memberships have been awarded to the Cleveland Society for the Blind, Ohio; the Massachusetts Association for the Blind, Boston; and the Rhode Island Association for the Blind, Providence. There are 53 agencies throughout the nation now actively engaged in self-study and 21 formal applications for accreditation are now before the Commission. The Executive director of United Community Funds and Councils of America, Lyman S. Ford, says, "At a time of unprecedented competition for the contributed dollar, thoughtful evaluation of voluntary agency services is imperative. ... The accreditation of community agencies by national accrediting mechanisms is of value to United Funds and Health and Welfare Councils in conducting evaluative reviews of community programs. ..." The Cleveland Society for the Blind has produced a 175- page manual detailing descriptions of qualifications for 130 job titles, from camp cook to executive director. For copies address the society at 1909 East 101st St., Cleveland 44106. The AAWB 43rd Annual Convention, which will meet in Chicago's Sherman House, July 19-23, has included on its program a "Gathering for the Deaf-Blind and their Friends" on Monday evening. A new brochure describing services, publications, instruments and aids, tape equipment and tape available to the blind may be secured at no charge from Science for the Blind, 221 Rock Hill Rd., Bala-Cynwyd, PA 19004. Write them for a price list, their tapes are very reasonable. We hasten to correct an oversight which we discovered ourselves -- just in time to be too late. In the March FORUM the article, "Button, Button --" should have emphasized the fact that the "I am Loved" button distributed by Associated Blind, Inc., New York, was designed by a little seven-year-old blind girl and contained the message in braille as well as in bold letters. We have been requested to correct two errors which appeared in the March FORUM. In the ACB President's Message, third paragraph, referring to the Kansas Association for the Blind, Inc., there appears the statement " ... is operating nine flourishing credit unions." The phrase should read ... is operating a fine flourishing credit union." Also the author of the article, "The Preschool Child in Louisiana" is Mr. Sam J. Maurello, Case worker for Blind Children, State Department of Welfare. Our sincere apologies for these errors. The MedicAlert Foundation International, Turlock, California, has received recognition in the Congressional Record on the realization of a significant milestone. The presence of a MedicAlert emblem engraved "organ donor" on a dead-on-arrival patient in Nevada put the wheels in motion and MedicAlert's prompt Central Answering service provided vital information. The patient's corneas were removed by a Reno ophthalmologist -- and the following day a recipient received them. He is now home and reported in good condition. This is the first documented incident describing the vital role of Medic Alert in a transplant situation. The Lutheran Braille Workers, Inc., Whittier, California, are doing a tremendous job of providing braille and sight-saving material to thousands of readers, not only in English but in Spanish and in Korean. They have some fifty work centers in connection with Missions throughout the world. The Spanish braille is produced in the Sherman Oaks, Cal., workshop where the master copy is transferred to IBM punched cards. Embossed zinc plates are made from these cards at the San Jose workshop and then sent to the VanNuys group who produce the paper copies. Carol Walker, Nashville, advises that the slate she uses which writes on both sides of a sheet of paper may be obtained from the American Printing House for the Blind, Louisville, KY. This type of slate is available in the desk model only, she says. Word comes from California that Dave Posner, good friend of ACB and an enthusiastic worker among the Associated Blind, answered the Call in March. He was missed at his stand in the Glendale Post Office and was found dead in bed. Dave attended most ACB conventions and will be missed in Charlotte. As so often proves to be the case, what seems like a disaster turned out to be a blessing, Fire destroyed the Atlanta Braille Library in January and practically all of the fifteen-year accumulation of braille and large print textbooks, etc., was lost. Much of this was hand-copied material. Arthur Lown, Ed.D., Services for Visually Impaired Children, reports that offers of assistance of every kind have come from all possible sources and an enlarged cooperative effort will result in a much-improved program. Included is the use of the IBM 360 Computer which is designed to greatly increase the speed of production of braille material. A $55,000 grant has been received to implement this project. It is with regret we report the death of William F. Johns, Executive Director of Guide Dogs for the Blind, San Rafael, Cal. on March 13th. The school provides dog guides for persons west of the Mississippi. A recent note from Dean Sumner, charter ACB member from South Dakota, sends a word of commendation to ACB's National Representative and the FORUM editor. He reports that he now owns twenty acres outside Watertown where he raises fine Quarter-Horses. This would seem a fitting project for the father of five boys, the oldest a sophomore and the youngest in the first grade. A most welcome and attractive newborn Newsletter, THE INFORMER, issued by The Vermont Council of the Blind., Inc., has arrived in the FORUM office. Editor Al Nichols is to be congratulated on a job well done and the Council's active affiliates deserve commendation for their interesting projects worthy of reporting. The DBPH NEWS, Library of Congress, reports tape recordings of excerpts from Supreme Court cases as published in the New York Times. The tapes are 5-inch reels recorded at 3-3/4 ips, available on loan from the National Collections. Back issues will be kept for student reference and readers may keep the tapes by returning a blank tape to the National Collections. Old glasses, metal and plastic frames, and artificial eyes are solicited by New Eyes for the Needy, Inc., Short Hills, NJ 07078, for distribution all over the world. Have you and your Guide Dog ever been asked to leave a restaurant? How often has a well-meaning pedestrian interfered with your work with your Guide Dog? If the answer is: "All too often," here's something for you to think about. A new organization has been formed by Guide Dog owners and their interested friends from the New York Metropolitan area. This organization is interested in achieving three major goals, which are: the amendment of the present State law concerning Guide Dogs; improvement of attitudes of landlords toward renting to the blind Guide Dog owner, and the improvement of public understanding of what a Guide Dog is and does. This group meets on the second Saturday of each month, at 2 p.m., Central Presbyterian Church, New York City. We cordially invite anyone interested. For additional information call or write Pamela Goodbody at 2578 Maron Ave., Bronx, NY 10458, tel. 212-CY5-8276. The National Federation of Music Clubs announces eight summer scholarships for Blind Students, two scholarships to be awarded in each of the four Regions. The entrants will be chosen at the NFMC Junior Festivals, assuming the entrants are federated; students may also be special members of the Federated Clubs. They must be under 18 and receive a superior rating in the Junior Festivals this Spring. If these qualifications are met, a tape recording of an entrant's singing or playing, along with a statement from a physician certifying legal blindness, will be sent to the regional centers of the Federation. Interested students should enlist the aid of their music teachers. For detailed information about these new scholarships for the blind, write to the National Chairman, Mrs. G. Franklin Onion, 133 Dumbarton Road, Baltimore, Maryland 21212. From The Louis Braille Foundation for Blind Musicians, Inc., 112 East 19th Street, New York New York 10003 announces the appointment of a Technical Advisory Committee, with members as follows: Mrs. Janice Avery Connard, Braille Music Specialist, Library of Congress; Mrs. James Hayes, Director, Department of Music, Connecticut Institute for the Blind; Miss Muriel Mooney, Instructor, New York State School for the Blind; Mrs. Mary K. Warren, Instructor, Illinois Braille and Sightsaving School. ***** ** Here and There By George Card The BRAILLE FORUM welcomes the initial appearance of INSIGHT, publication of the Northwest Foundation for the Blind, Inc., at Seattle. This organization was founded seven years ago, and its stated purpose is to "provide the resources for meeting the individual, specialized and immediate needs of blind people in the northwest. INSIGHT and its publisher both believe that helping blind people to succeed by reason of their own efforts is the best way to demonstrate to the community that the problems most truly inherent in blindness are in reality and most acutely only those problems which are inherent in the sighted concepts of blindness." On its masthead appear the names of two very old friends -- Frank Stewart, Editor, and Arnold Sadler, Secretary-Treasurer. The NEWLETTER of the Orientation for the Blind (Albany, Calif.) proudly lists the following recent job placements of its graduates: 5 teachers, 1 employment counselor, 1 darkroom technician, 1 social worker, 3 typists, 1 public relations agent, 1 stand operator, 1 computer programmer, 4 social security representatives, 1 tax consultant and 1 radio announcer. From the NEW OUTLOOK FOR THE BLIND: Physicians in the Department of Ophthalmology of the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical center are using a battery of electronic tests to diagnose complex visual disorders. The electronic testing devices, which measure differences in electrical potential generated within the eye, give a complete profile of each cellular component of the retina. The tests are said to be particularly valuable in diagnosing disorders in infants, the deaf, the blind and the brain-damaged. -- Congratulations to Howard Hanson, head of the S.D. Agency for the Blind and President of the AAWB who has now become President-elect of the National Rehabilitation Association. From the Oregon Council of the Blind BULLETIN: "For information and help on procedures for chapter officers, the Board voted to have a workshop for them at the spring Board meeting. If chapters would cooperate by aiding their officers on their expenses this would assure us of a good attendance." -- The calendar year 1968 had its ups and downs but generally speaking it was a year of advancement. The Low Vision Aid Clinic section at the University of Oregon Medical School became firmly established. During the last 12 months over 60 have been seen in this clinic and approximately 50% of those seen have been significantly benefited. The Volunteer Services Section got underway last fall and it has already demonstrated its worth to blind persons living outside the Portland metropolitan area. Projects have been set up in Albany, Bend, Eugene and Pendleton. Initial steps have been taken to get projects started in Coos Bay and Corvallis while other areas such as McMinnville, Medford, Ontario and South Central Oregon are in the planning stage. Talking book users are now up to more than 1900. The number of blind persons going on into training for various professions, trades and businesses is increasing very rapidly. Altogether blind persons in Oregon are employed in well over 160 different occupations. The Industries Program had a banner year during 1968. The in flight dining packet assembly work earned over $430,000. Over 100 blind persons received earnings of approximately $200,000 from the operations of the Industries Program. From LISTEN: Renewed efforts to open up all levels of the teaching profession to qualified blind persons in Massachusetts got underway with a one-day seminar attended by some 50 people, including school administrators and blind college students interested in careers in the teaching field. It was shown that California, Michigan and New York are leaders in the number of blind teachers in public schools. The principal speaker urged that, once hired, the blind teacher should in no circumstances seek or accept any special considerations or provisions but should concern himself with teaching, keeping careful records and plans and paying in money or in service for any assistance. He maintained that discipline problems, admittedly a stumbling block in the minds of school administrators considering hiring blind persons, can arise in any classroom and should not be considered peculiar to blind teachers. Since discipline is generally a matter of keeping the students interested in the subject being taught, the condition of the teacher's sight should not be a factor. -- Milton Perry, who operates a canteen at St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Washington, D.C., was forced by gunmen to open his safes at closing time on December 16. The men then took about $1910. -- Blinded at the age of 16, Courtland D. Perry II rose to become assistant attorney general in Maine and was recently admitted to practice in the Supreme Court. His guide dog was also admitted to the courtroom the first time in memory of court officials that a dog had been allowed to enter the high chamber. -- At the suggestion of Russell Williams, chief of Blind Rehabilitation, Veterans Administration, 2000 blinded veterans have already answered the invitation to come in for physical check-ups. -- Perkins School for the Blind has already started work on two new buildings on its Watertown campus to house facilities for increased numbers of deaf-blind children. A $21 million construction program which will triple the services at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary will get underway in the spring. -- A computer software company was founded less than a year ago by a talented young blind man. The company: EDP Technology, Inc., of Washington, D.C., which BUSINESS WEEK says "has impressed Washingtonians by landing a score of $100,000 contracts with government and industry." The founder, 27-year-old Sanford Greenberg, almost completely blind from glaucoma which struck when he was 19, is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Columbia University, holder of master's and doctoral degrees in government from Harvard plus a master's degree in business administration from Columbia and is a former student at Oxford University and Harvard Law School. The young concern now has offices in New York, Boston, Los Angeles, Falls Church, Va., and Paramus, N.J., as well as Washington and Atlanta. The company now has 50 computer and systems experts with 11 years' experience each in this relatively new field. -- A riot during which equipment and furnishings were smashed by about 60 blind workers brought an end to a strike against a government-financed factory run by the Hong Kong Society for the Blind. According to press reports, the Society had deemed unacceptable the workers' demands for a guaranteed monthly income of $26. From the Ohio Council of the Blind BULLETIN: Lucille Ross is in Maine to see that the latest granddaughter gets the right start in life while Grandpa Clyde is slaving at home. -- According to law, the husband is head of the household and the pedestrian has the right-of-way. Either is safe so long as he doesn't try to exercise his right. From the Washington State WHITE CANE: The Zale chain of jewelry stores has a continuing policy of providing braille watches for the blind free of charge. Blind persons who need such a watch may contact any Zale store. Service on these watches for the blind is also furnished by Zale stores free of charge. -- Research conducted by Dr. Gerald L. Greenberg and Dr. John C. Sherman at the University of Washington's geography department has provided partial solutions to making maps for persons with limited vision and holds hope for further development of maps for the totally blind. -- (I did not suppose Ann Landers would ever crash this column, but here she is!): A friend had been asked to intercede to convince a son that he should not marry a blind girl. The mother felt that her handsome 25-year-old son was martyring himself. The Landers reply tells the friend to stay out of it and points out that the girl might be a better wife than many girls with perfect vision. Her reply ends with: "The boy's mother is the one who is blind." -- Oscar Mortensen calls attention to a mobility aid which few of us have thought of. Weather reports which give wind direction and velocity can help a blind pedestrian keep his direction. From the AAWB NEWS AND VIEWS: The California Legislature has adopted a resolution designed to assist blind and visually impaired college students by allowing them to pre-register for courses in order to afford adequate time for recording or brailling textbooks and other material which will be needed during the next ensuing quarter or semester. -- The last annual report of Recordings for the Blind showed that RFB circulated 26,145 recorded books at no charge to 4148 borrowers. Seventy-five enrolled percent of the estimated 2000 blind college students enrolled in the U.S. used RFB textbooks in their studies. The MISSOURI CHRONICLE reports that Dr. Richard Longini, of Carnegie-Mellon University, who is working on the reading machine described in last May's issue of the FORUM, and which produces audible sounds that approximate human speech, now states that the new machine could be inexpensive enough so that any blind person could afford one. -- After many months of searching, Eugenia Davis landed her own job. She is rightfully proud. She is employed splicing film for Fox Stanley Photos. From the UPI: Charles (Chick) Leonard, 38, is a blind electronic design engineer who skis and plays pool. He developed a magnetic tape recorder with a specially adapted "wire tap" for telephone work. "I still ski," he said, "but now I need the aid of a sighted partner wearing a throat mike so his hands are free as he radios me directions." Leonard wears a small radio receiver and an earphone to get directions as he makes his way down the trails. He also wears a bright orange sign with black lettering on his parka that reads "Danger -- Blind Crossing," a touch of humor. To play pool, Leonard has attached a photocell to his cue. This, with a tiny "beeping" device, allows him to "zero in" on the penlight his partner holds above the ball he is to hit. "My device," he says, "is accurate to half an inch in eight feet." ***** ** ACB Officers President: Judge Reese Robrahn, 539 New England Building, Topeka, KS 66603 1st Vice-Pres: George Card, 605 Few St., Madison, WI 53703 2nd Vice-Pres.: Vernon Williams, 217 Western Union Bldg., Aberdeen, SD 57401 Secretary: Mrs. Mary Jane Schmitt, 510 Tarrington Rd., Rochester, NY 14609 Treasurer: Fred Krepela, 363 Court St., NE, Salem, OR 97301 ** Directors Mrs. Catherine Skivers, 836 Resota St., Hayward, CA 94545 Floyd Qualls, 106 NE 2nd St., Oklahoma City, OK 73104 F.W. Orrell, 5209 Alabama Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37409 Dr. S. Bradley Burson, 917 Kenyon St., Downers Grove, IL 60515 J. Edward Miller, 2621 Chesterfield Ave., Charlotte, NC 28205 David Krause, 2121 P St., NW, Apt. 615, Washington, DC 20037 Fred Lilley, 7629 Dale St., Richmond Heights, MO 63117 Don Cameron, 724 S. Davis Blvd., Tampa, FL 33609 ###