The Braille Forum
Vol. XXII December 1983 No. 6

Published Monthly By 
The American Council of the Blind
Mary T. Ballard, Editor

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* National Office:
Oral O. Miller
1211 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Suite 506
Washington, DC 20036
1-800-424-8666

* Editorial Office
The Braille Forum:
Mary T. Ballard
190 Lattimore Road
Rochester, NY 14620
(716) 244-8364

* Contributing Editor
Elizabeth M. Lennon
1315 Greenwood Avenue
Kalamazoo, MI 49007

** ACB Officers

* President:
Grant Mack
139 E. South Temple, Suite 5000
Salt Lake City, UT 84111

* First Vice President:
Dr. Otis H. Stephens
2021 Kemper Lane, S.W.
Knoxville, TN 37920

* Second Vice President:
Durward K. McDaniel
9468 Singing Quail Drive
Austin, TX 78758

* Secretary:
Karen Perzentka
913 Colony Drive
Madison, WI 53717

* Treasurer:
James R. Olsen
American Council of the Blind
Summit Bank Building, Suite 822
310 4th Avenue, S.
Minneapolis, MN 55415

The Braille Forum seeks to promote the independence and dignity of all blind people: to stress responsibility of citizenship: to alert the public to the abilities and accomplishments of the blind. The Braille Forum carries official news of the American Council of the Blind and its programs. It is available for expression of views and concerns common to all blind persons.

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** Contents

ACB Officers

President's Message, by Grant Mack

To All My Sisters and Brothers, ... , by Billie Jean Hill

News Briefs from the ACB National Office, by Oral O. Miller

Declare Your Independence in 1984 -- Attend the ACB Convention, by John A. Horst

Capitol Capsules, by Scott Marshall

We Got Acquainted in the Woods -- Camping and Canoeing!, by Oral O. Miller

Sports Shorts, by Laura Oftedahl

How Can We Get Reliable Talking Book Equipment?, by Crawford Pike

Is This About Us?

Call of the Mountains, by James Neal and Sue Tullos

Innovative Evaluation and Training Techniques Increase Job Opportunities for Multi-Handicapped Blind People, by Harold Richterman and George Aarons

Artworks Sought for International Show

The White Cane -- From a "Stick" to a Science

Input Sought from Parents of Disabled Children

Letter to the Editor

Here and There, by Elizabeth M. Lennon

Notice to Subscribers

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** President's Message
By Grant Mack

A majestic eagle carved in exquisite crystal was presented to Dr. Richard W. Bleecker on November 5, 1983, at the banquet held in conjunction with the annual meeting of the National Accreditation Council for Agencies Serving the Blind and Visually Handicapped, held at Daytona Beach, Florida. This magnificent piece was a very appropriate token of appreciation given to a man who has devoted ten years to the National Accreditation Council. The eagle -- representing, as it does, strength, courage, high ideals, and independence -- appropriately reflects the qualities of Richard Bleecker during his ten years as Executive Director of NAC.

Dr. Bleecker submitted his resignation on June 17, 1983. In his letter of resignation addressed to Dr. Otis Stephens, he requested that his services be terminated at the conclusion of the annual NAC Board meeting in November. Dr. Bleecker has completed more than a decade of exceptionally distinguished service to the National Accreditation Council. He joined the staff as Associate Director in 1973 and was appointed Executive Director in January 1975. He held a position of leadership in this organization during more than half of its history. It was a critical period in NAC's growth -- a period characterized by adversity no less than by opportunity. But thanks chiefly to Dr. Richard W. Bleecker's strong leadership and total professional commitment, NAC more than met the challenge. The number of accredited agencies and schools doubled. Active support from professionals, consumers, and the general public is much greater now than ever before, The practical value of accreditation to blind persons and the agencies serving them is widely acknowledged. Consumer involvement in NAC has steadily increased. The high quality of NAC's standard setting and accreditation activities is now widely recognized within the accreditation community. This recognition also is widespread today both within and outside the field than at any time in the past. 

Not only has Dr. Bleecker contributed to each of these accomplishments, but he has also played a key role in the realization of many other important achievements as well. Among the most noteworthy of these are: two renewals for the maximum period of NAC's formal recognition as the authoritative accrediting body for specialized schools serving blind children by the Secretary of the United States Department of Education; the completion of comprehensive and highly favorable Federal level reviews of NAC's work by the General Accounting Office and the Rehabilitation Services Administration; and the recognition that NAC is in full compliance with the standards for fund-raising practices and internal management established for non­profit organizations by the National Information Bureau and the Council of Better Business Bureaus. 

Dr. Otis Stephens, the outgoing president of NAC, articulated the deep feelings of appreciation of the Executive Committee and the Board of Directors when he made the presentation of a scroll at the final meeting in Daytona Beach. He praised Dr. Bleecker for his outstanding contributions, professional commitment, and personal integrity He recognized Dr. Bleecker' s attention to high standards of administration and public accountability. He praised him for his unwavering and courageous stance against destructive criticism leveled at him from irresponsible sources. Dr. Stephens also said, "Dr. Bleecker has worked diligently to ensure a productive working relationship between NAC's staff and the extensive volunteer structure so important to the accreditation process."

The following statement was on the beautiful scroll presented to Dr. Bleecker: "The National Accreditation Council for Agencies Serving The Blind and Visually Handicapped expresses its warm and sincere appreciation to Dr. Richard W. Bleecker for his outstanding contribution to the organization, his commitment to standards of excellence in services to blind persons, and his effectiveness in challenging the field to soar to the heights of its loftiest ideals." 

We in the American Council of the Blind add our expression of appreciation to Dr. Bleecker for his outstanding and dedicated service to the blindness field. His success in his new field of endeavor, whatever that be, is predictable because he has the qualities and capacity which breed success. Along with this success, we wish him much, much happiness and express the hope that he will find some way to make future positive contributions to the blind.

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** To All My Sisters and Brothers ... 
By Billie Jean Hill 
(Reprinted from The Periscope, published by the Mississippi Council of the Blind, December 1983)

(NOTE: Billie Jean Hill is President of the Mississippi Council of the Blind. Not only is this "President's Message" from the December issue of The Periscope particularly appropriate for this holiday issue of The Braille Forum, but it should give pause for reflection throughout the year.) 

It could be the approaching holiday season, or it could be just incurable sentimentality. Both, I suspect! But I want to talk about family -- not just the family you and I belong to, or even our MCB family, or the bigger ACB family. I am talking about our brothers and sisters who are visually impaired. Wherever they are, whatever their lives, they are our kin. 

I am thinking of a woman I knew a few years ago who was battered so brutally by her husband that she is totally blind. I am thinking of a girl who lives in Hawaii who, because of diabetes, lost her sight while giving birth to her baby -- and lost the baby, too. I am thinking of an African (and there are hundreds, perhaps thousands) with "river blindness," who could have his sight restored by an operation costing only pennies, but there are not enough doctors and there are not enough pennies. I am thinking of Melba Barlow's grandson who, through a terrible accident, may have lost his sight. I am thinking of someone who is blind because of child abuse. I am thinking of another child who has just learned he will be blind within two years. 

Whether they like it or not, they are all my brothers and sisters. We don't look alike or think alike or feel alike, but there is a common tie — and the tie is that of friendship and understanding. 

To all my sisters and brothers, a very happy Christmas and New Year.

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** News Briefs from the ACB National Office
By Oral O. Miller
National Representative

October is generally the most popular month for ACB state conventions, and this past October was no exception. During the month, members of the National Office staff participated in state conventions in Kansas, Maryland, California, Washington, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Oregon, and the District of Columbia. ACB Officers and directors participated in several other state conventions as well as national conferences or board meetings of other organizations dedicated to improving the well-being of the blind. These meetings are mentioned not in order to show how busy everyone is, but to remind readers that the members of the ACB National Office staff as well as the officers and directors are ready, willing, and able to meet with our affiliates to inform, advise and encourage them in every way possible. 

It is especially noteworthy that presentations by ACB staff members, Board members, and officers do not merely "parrot" an official "party line," as do speakers representing some organizations, but they provide information which enables our members to make up their own minds. It is widely known that some organizations of the blind motivate their members by constantly and loudly berating the "hate organization (or individual) of the month" and by attempting to convince them that "the enemy" is working against them and will succeed unless they "take to the barricades" and accept without question the allegations made against the "hate organization." Yes, that approach obviously motivates many people, but what a degrading, intellectually compromising price to pay! 

In early November, it was my pleasure, as National Representative to speak to the members of the General Council of Workshops for the Blind during the annual meeting of National Industries for the Blind. During the presentation, I summarized the official position of the American Council of the Blind, based on national membership resolutions, regarding the sheltered workshop issue. I emphasized again, as I did during my testimony before a Congressional committee last spring, that it is imperative that meaningful data be compiled and made available concerning the real economic impact of the payment of the standard minimum wage and various employee benefits. I also reminded my listeners that the status quo absolutely must be changed in order to prevent others from making dramatic but perhaps unwise changes in the present sheltered workshop system. 

I am pleased to announce that the informal reception or "open house" which the ACB National Office conducted for the information and hospitality of its neighbors was a rousing success! Dozens of people from the other offices in the same office building with the National Office dropped by for friendly conversation, light refreshments, information about the American Council of the Blind, and peek at a few of the aids and appliances used by working people who are blind -- the Optacon, the Kurzweil Reading Machine, the talking calculator, etc. The staff was also pleased to greet the members of the Braille Authority of North America, who were then in town for a meeting, as well as a few out-of-town ACB members who were in Washington for an advisory committee meeting at the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. 

I am sorry to report that recently ACB's indefatigable National Office Manager, Roberta Douglas, broke her left ankle during a fall on wet grass while walking down a steep hillside. The ankle is to be in a cast for the next several weeks, and during part of that time it will be necessary for her to walk on crutches. 

As we approach the end of the year, all the members of the ACB National Office staff send to readers of The Braille Forum their warmest wishes for a happy holiday season and a prosperous New Year.

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** Declare Your Independence In 1984 -- Attend the ACB Convention 
By John A. Horst
Assistant Chairperson
1984 Convention Host Committee

Break away from the humdrum and the routine ... Decide now to spend June 30 to July 7, 1984, at the annual convention of the American Council of the Blind in the historic City of Brotherly Love. It's Philadelphia for 1984, where you have the inalienable right to experience life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

The Pennsylvania Council of the Blind will be your host, and PCB welcomes you to an exciting and diverse city where there are numerous things to see and do. Philadelphia is a taste of the old, spiced with the new. Historical sites include Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, Christ Church, first organized in 1695, the Liberty Bell, and the Betsy Ross House. Many fine restaurants offer the best of American, Continental, and Far East cuisine. The Franklin Institute of Science and the Philadelphia Zoo are outstanding attractions. There is major league baseball (the Houston Astros, Cincinnati Reds, and Atlanta Braves will be in town); horseracing for sports fans in the Gallery; John Wanamaker and other department stores for shoppers ... 

The Philadelphia Center Hotel, at 1700 John F. Kennedy Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19103 (telephone 1-215-3300) is the convention site. Located in the heart of the city, this 22-story hotel provides 840 sleeping rooms and is fully accessible and air­conditioned. Rates are $38.00 per room for a single, double, triple, or quad.

Plans are already well under way to make the ACB convention in 1984 the biggest and best ever. The Host Committee is well organized under the leadership of President Mae Davidow of the Pennsylvania Council of the Blind. Subcommittee chairperson include:

Host Committee Assistant Chairperson and Special-Interest Organizations -- John A. Horst
Hotel Arrangements -- Julian Siewierski 
Exhibits and Boutiques -- H. Eugene Barton 
Registration -- Catherine Dowd 
Program Advertising -- Gloria Siewierski 
Tours and Community Information — Ercole Oristaglio Publicity -- Lucy Boyle

For further information, write or call the Pennsylvania Council of the Blind, Adelphia House, No. 5 Mezzanine, 1235 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107; (215)561-1079.

Watch The Braille Forum for further details about the 1984 ACB national convention. For now, it's the "CALL TO THE CITY OF BROTHERLY LOVE." Plan now to declare your independence in 1984 during the week of June 30 to July 7 and spend your vacation with us at the ACB convention in Philadelphia.

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** Capitol Capsules
By Scott Marshall
Director of Governmental Affairs 

* Congressional Committee to Release Report on Sheltered Workshops

The Manpower and Housing Subcommittee of the House Committee on Government Operations has completed its review of sheltered workshops and the administration of the Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act program. The American Council of the Blind, the National Federation of the Blind, and several organizations in the workshop field testified during two days of hearings last May (see The Braille Forum, June 1983, for a summary of ACB's testimony). 

Although as this article is being written (November 14) the report is not yet available to the public, a briefing has been held concerning its contents. Among other recommendations, the Committee will request the General Accounting Office to review the use and adequacy of commissions paid to National Industries for the Severely Handicapped and will ask GAO to develop guidelines concerning the use of such funds. The report also recommends that a study should be conducted to determine the propriety of a wage floor differential between handicapped and blind sheltered workshop employees.

The report will be reviewed in detail as soon as it becomes available. 

* OMB Releases New Lobbying Rules 

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has released its revised Circular A/122, dealing with reimbursement of certain expenses incurred by Federal grantees. The previously issued Circular A/122 was withdrawn following massive public and Congressional pressure earlier this year. The earlier proposal provided that a Federal grantee would lose the entire amount of a Federal contract if Federal Funds were used for "political advocacy," a term broadly defined to include communications with public officials, dues paid to associations which engage in political activity, etc. 

At a hearing before the House Government Operations Committee in mid-November, both Republicans and Democrats agreed that organizations should not use Federal funds for lobbying purposes; nevertheless, they continued to object to the new OMB proposal. For example, the new rule does not apply to communications with the Executive Branch. Thus, a Federal grantee could be reimbursed for expenses incurred relative to communication with executive agencies, but such expenses would be disallowed if the communication was directed toward Congress, unless Congress specifically asked for such input. 

Finally, neither OMB nor the General Accounting Office could site examples of abuse by Federal grantees which would make these new rules necessary in the first place. Prohibitions against lobbying by tax exempt organizations already exist in the Internal Revenue Code, and h would appear that these new rules are unnecessary. 

Although the rule does not affect the American Council of the Blind, which does not receive Federal funds, OMB's latest proposal will affect organizations such as independent living centers and other non-profit groups which do receive Federal funds. ACB is urging an extension of the comment period on this OMB rule. Stay in touch through the Washington Connection, or call the ACB National Office for the current status of this matter. 

* Rehabilitation Reauthorization Continues Stalemate Despite Increased Funding for Social Service Programs 

As reported last month, the reauthorization of the Rehabilitation Act is currently blocked because of a dispute between the House and Senate concerning increased authorizations for several unrelated social service programs. Senator Orrin Hatch (R., UT) refuses to appoint Senate conferees without assurances from the House that the conference will focus only on rehabilitation issues. On the other hand, House leaders -- principally Carl Perkins (D., KY) -- refuse to discuss any compromise until conferees are appointed. House conferees were appointed immediately after passage of H.R. 3520 early in September. 

Authorization for the many programs of the Rehabilitation Act technically expired on September 30. Rehabilitation services continue to be funded under a so-called "continuing resolution" through early calendar 1984. A $10 million increase for rehabilitation was added in mid-November as part of a $98 million social service/education amendment to the continuing resolution. Many of the programs which received increased funding in the continuing resolution are the very programs in dispute between the House and Senate which constitute the controversial add-ons to the rehabilitation bill. 

Whether this increased funding will help to move the rehabilitation conferees from dead center still remains to be seen. In light of Congress's expected November adjournment, action on the rehabilitation conference will therefore probably be delayed until February 1984. In the meantime, important improvements in the Rehabilitation Act remain unresolved.

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** We Got Acquainted in the Woods -- Camping and Canoeing! 
By Oral O. Miller

At the time I met Jill in the Community Center parking lot at 6:00 A.M. that warm morning in Minneapolis last August, I learned that she was a senior at the University of Minnesota, and that her colleague, John -- himself only 25 years old and having grown up tall and muscular on a western Minnesota farm -- was a therapeutic recreation specialist at a facility outside Minneapolis. Within the next thirty minutes, I was introduced to Sam, a biomedical engineer from New Jersey; Larry, a strong, but quiet Iowa college student who, as the result of a serious car wreck, is a paraplegic; Jeff, a high-school senior from Minnesota who was waiting to go into the Army; Mary, a partially sighted college girl from Minnesota who, in spite of her trim stature, is a champion weight-lifter; Kirk, an articulate social worker from Minnesota whose coordination and mobility are impaired by cerebral palsy; Gary, a Minnesota college student who, due to a bad dive into a community lake during his high-school years, is a quadriplegic with limited hand action; and Dennis, a soft-spoken, thoughtful, six-foot, ten-inch giant of a man, and a woodworking craftsman from western Minnesota. We had gathered there in the gray dawn to begin a week-long canoeing and camping trip along the route followed by the fearless ''voyageurs'' of old, through northern Minnesota's world­famous Boundary Waters Canoe Area -- an enormous nature preserve, consisting of several million acres, dedicated to the peaceful enjoyment and appreciation by mankind and the wildlife living within the area.

The trip was being coordinated by Wilderness Inquiry II of Minneapolis, with John and Jill as the group leaders. The program, about which I had heard during a cross-country skiing event several months earlier, brings together people, both able­bodied and handicapped, to enable them to enjoy nature and to work together to achieve common goals. 

Much of the five-hour drive northward to Ely, Minnesota, was devoted to questions and answers about the upcoming trip, which was to be solely by canoe, and for which absolutely all supplies had to be carried along. It was explained that all of our water would come from the lakes across which we would be canoeing and beside which we would be camping each night; that the only man-made structures we would see during the trip would be outdoor cooking fireplaces and outdoor box toilets; that nothing could be taken into the area in tin cans; that all trash and garbage had to be burned, buried, or carried back out; that, since there were no telephones in the area, our only, possible communication with the outside world would be via small seaplanes that occasionally fly over the area; that no radios, tape recorders, or liquor could be taken along; that water safety would be observed; and that although the group leaders would not formally assign duties or rigidly prescribe a routine, each person would be expected to work according to his ability in order to do what had to be done (such as paddling the canoes, carrying the canoes and all other items across portage areas, preparing meals, setting up and taking down tents, gathering firewood, cleaning up and re-packing utensils following meals, etc.) We were, in a sense, recreating a trip of the "voyageurs," those tough, fearless, tireless French, English, and American fur traders who criss-crossed this area in the flourishing fur-trading business which generated many fortunes during the 200-year period preceding the construction of the railroads in the mid-19th century. 

Imagine how anxious all of us were to load and launch our canoes on Snowbank Lake that first afternoon! Since we had four canoes and ten people in our party, it was decided that each canoe would carry either two paddlers and a large amount of equipment or two paddlers and a small amount of equipment plus a passenger (jokingly identified as the "duffer"). The trip to our first campsite, which could not be reserved beforehand, but was merely claimed by us when we arrived, took approximately two hours. Then followed a routine which was to be repeated many times during the next several days: selecting sites for the three tents, erecting the tents (which, fortunately, are now much easier to erect and take down than they were 25 years ago when I first attempted to erect or take one down), swimming or fishing in that cold, crystal clear lake, preparing the meal, talking and exchanging experiences, discussing the plants and animals in the· area, applying mosquito repellant, slipping into our sleeping bags (trying to avoid roots and stones that had not been noticed when the tents were first set up), falling off to sleep to the eerie, half­laughing, half-mournful cries of the Minnesota loon (the large waterfowl which is the official bird of the State of Minnesota), getting up the next morning to the crackle of a campfire and the smell of brewing coffee (obviously, I was never the first person up), breaking camp and packing all the equipment into the canoes, and setting out for the day's activity and our next campsite. 

However, the mandatory activity in which everyone took part the morning after the first night in camp was water safety instruction and practice. Everyone was required to go through a canoe tipping and righting drill, and it was explained that at all times while in the canoes everyone was required to wear a life preserver. 

Since the lakes in the Boundary Waters vary greatly in size, it was possible to paddle across some in as little as an hour and across others in several hours. Also, since most of the lakes do not physically join one another (they are separated by strips of land, or portages, ranging in width from 1800 feet to a few miles), it is necessary in going from one lake to another to "portage" or physically carry everything overland — usually over steep, rocky, narrow trails. The helpfulness of mankind (and especially the campers of the Northland) came to the surf ace during those portage trips. Since it was impossible to portage everything in only one trip, most people made several trips, and each person helped according to his ability. For example, Kirk, the young man who suffers from cerebral palsy, usually carried a very light pack and, while walking a few feet in front of me, described the very rocky terrain over which I would soon be walking with the extremely bulky and heavy food pack on my back (the heaviest single pack of the group, although it became lighter as the week went along). Whenever the trails were wide enough, I walked beside or slightly ahead of Kirk, in order to support and steady him, or let him hold to my arm for balance support. John (the group leader) and Dennis (the very tall man) physically carried the paraplegic and the quadriplegic across every portage, and then usually went back for another load. In addition, anyone who was crossing empty-handed, such as while going back for another load, always volunteered to take a load for a party that was crossing in the opposite direction. The spirit of helpfulness and cooperation was beautiful to behold!

During the trip, we canoed on approximately seven lakes (with such intriguing names as Snowbank, Jordan, and Nameless) and stayed in only one campsite for two consecutive nights. One full day was devoted to merely exploring the large lake on which we were camping. One of the more interesting activities for me that day was paddling up the very narrow, swift stream that was formed by the waterfalls that emptied the adjoining lake into ours. Some of the approaches to the portage areas were interesting and challenging, also, because they consisted of very narrow, winding canal-like waterways, the banks of which were covered with heavy foliage. At one point, an extremely shallow stream actually connected two of the lakes, but it was not possible to paddle from one to the other because the stream was so shallow and rocky; hence, unloading the canoes, transporting everything overland, and re-loading. 

Although we all enjoyed heckling the cooks (whoever they happened to be for that particular meal), the meals were always quite ample, healthful, and welcome. Since we had to carry all food items with us, many were in dried form or in a form that did not require refrigeration -- pancake flour, dried fruits, cheese, nuts, lasagna and spaghetti, pita bread, peanut butter and jelly, oatmeal, coffee and hot chocolate mix, powdered juice mix (such as Tang), brownie mix, fresh vegetables (cabbage, carrots and peppers, which were eaten early on the trip), powdered milk, and saltines or graham crackers. A camping staple which we had with us in quantity was "gorp," an acronym for "good old raisins and peanuts" -- although in recent years tasty items such as shredded coconut, other dried fruits, and other nuts have been added to the basic recipe. 

Meal service was always very simple and informal. Each person used his own cup, metal bowl, and spoon while sitting near the campfire on the ground, a rock, or anywhere else he or she chose. The selection of the simple menu for each meal was somewhat democratic, and anyone who thought he or she could improve on the cooking of another was encouraged to try a hand at it -- such as the night when three different people tried to "bake" the brownies or to design an appropriate "oven" for the purpose. In short, there was no reason for anyone to go hungry. 

Earlier in this article, I referred to the fact that each person was expected to help out according to his or her ability. This concept was readily accepted by everyone, and to that end, I, as a blind person, for example, regularly occupied the front paddling seat of a canoe, helped put up and take down the tents, assisted in some aspects of food preparation (crushing nuts, slicing vegetables, etc.) carried the food pack and other items while portaging, and assisted in cleaning up after meals. As a further example, Larry, who was paralyzed from the waist down, occupied one of the paddling seats in a canoe, assisted with meal preparation and clean-up and re­packing. Gary, as a quadriplegic with limited hand movement, assisted in some aspects of meal preparation and clean-up (such as re-packing utensils) as well as by keeping a photographic record of the trip. Mary, the partially sighted student, assisted in countless ways -- paddling, putting up and taking down tents, gathering firewood, etc. Our group was an excellent example of a working coalition involving different disabilities. 

Wilderness Inquiry II conducts several different camping and canoe trips in different parts of the Northland throughout the year. It also conducts outdoor winter camping programs in northern Minnesota, featuring cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, may sound rigorous, as they are, no one should avoid taking one because, for example, he or she cannot swim, has never paddled a canoe, has never set up a tent before, or has never attempted to pack a Duluth pack (an enormous canvas backpack which is used for carrying almost everything in the Northland). No one is ever pushed beyond his or her physical ability, but everyone is encouraged to participate and contribute as much as possible. 

No, going on a Wilderness Inquiry II trip is not like traveling in a mobile camper with running water, electricity, a kitchen range and refrigerator, and soft beds. But it is, nevertheless, a fantastic opportunity for blind and visually impaired people to enjoy the out-of-doors while using the same equipment and camping techniques used by the hundreds of thousands of other outdoors people who enjoy the camping experience every year. The dedicated young men and women who serve as group leaders are to be commended for the fine work they do, especially since many of them use their own vacation time for that purpose.

Anyone who is interested in learning more about the program of Wilderness Inquiry II may obtain a brochure by writing to the National Office of the American Council of the Blind or by calling its toll-free number: 1-800-424-8666. Information can also be obtained directly from Wilderness Inquiry II, 2929 4th Avenue, S., Suite O, Minneapolis, MN 55408; telephone (612) 827-4001.

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** Sports Shorts
By Laura Oftedahl

The tenth International Ski for Light event will take place in Lake Placid, New York, February 26-March 4, 1984. This is a learn to cross-country ski program where experienced skiers/guides enable blind and visually impaired persons to learn how to enjoy the sport so that they may return to their home communities and interest other blind and sighted persons in this as well as other vigorous outdoor activities. 

There may still be space available for the Lake Placid week. If interested, rush your application request to: Grethe Winther, P.O. Box 2971, Reston, VA 22091; phone (703) 476-9288. If you know any sighted cross-country skiers who would like to participate in this mutually beneficial experience, tell them about Ski for Light.

Many Ski for Light alumni have brought the spirit home with them and have created regional programs. If you are unable to participate in the international week at Lake Placid, here are some possibilities closer to home:

Washington, D.C., Area Regional, Grantsville, Maryland, February 10-12 -- Judy Dixon, 1104 N. Stafford Street, Arlington, VA 22201

Sons of Norway District 2 Regional, Trollhaugen, Washington, February 11-12 -- Svea Karlsen, 10015 15th Avenue, N.E., Seattle, WA 93215

Northeast Pennsylvania Regional, Sherman, Pennsylvania, January 8-15 -- Bob Norbie, 936 S. High Street, West Chester, PA 19380

New England Regional, Jackson, New Hampshire, January 21-22 -- Dave Bergesen, 6 Simpson Road, Marlborough, MA 01752

ULLR Regional, Quadna, Minnesota, January 27-29 -- Kathy Lucas, 4212 W. 70th Street, Edina, MN 55435

Michigan Ski for Light, Higgins Lake, Michigan, January 28-29 -- John Root, 4521 Merridian Road, Williamston, MI 48895

Black Hills Regional, Deadwood, South Dakota, January 
19-22 — Don Michlitsch, 2940 Country Club Drive, Rapid City, SD 57709

The Yankee Council of the American Youth Hostels in Hartford, Connecticut, has been integrating blind and visually impaired people into its Sunday tandem cycling for years. This is a great example of how recreation programs do not have to be specifically organized for blind people. Most times, you just need to make contact with existing recreation activity coordinators and simply provide a brief "sensitivity session" addressing the needs of the blind folks who will participate in these activities. Why not undertake this as an ACB chapter project? Contact the American Youth Hostel Council or similar organizations in your area and work with them to make their activities accessible for blind people in the area. 

Finally, you may have noticed that the country is becoming more and more fitness and sports conscious every day. This means good news for blind people as well, because we are finding more programs to participate and compete in. The first National Blind Water Ski Championships were held November 5 at Cypress Gardens, Florida, the "water ski capital of the world." Eleven blind skiers competed, ranging in age from 13 to 49. A top female and male skier were selected to compete in the International Water Skiing Tournament for the Disabled, to take place in Norway in the summer of 1984. Since this first National Blind Water Ski Tournament was so successful, Cypress Gardens is already planning for next year's tournament.

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** How Can We Get Reliable Talking Book Equipment?
By Crawford Pike

The talking book program of the Library of Congress predates the commercial hi-fi industry. We had the first LP, the first microgroove, and the first slow-speed records. Although we were not the first in the cassette industry, we have a non­commercial configuration in terms of tracking and machine operation. 

In the beginning, the parts needed to make a reliable talking book machine were mostly the same as those going into commercial record players. The Great Depression was at its peak, and cheap labor was plentiful. The first machines were constructed for about $50 each. 

The $50 per unit rule was almost sacred at the Division for the Blind and Visually Handicapped (now the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped) until 1968. By the time the cassette book was added, inflation had risen its ugly head. Labor costs were soaring, and the Asian wars had made some vital parts scarce and expensive. Plastics replaced metal in both the commercial and Library of Congress machines. The industry was pushing stereo. Monophonic records and cassette machines were being built less ruggedly. 

But another factor entered our field. The law under which the talking book program was administered was amended to include the physically handicapped. Although there was not the immediate surge of new talking book users that many librarians had feared, there has been substantial growth in a program which might otherwise have peaked. And remember, now we were giving each user two pieces of equipment instead of one. Also, the budget for equipment did not dramatically increase until the mid-1970's. 

Now we have a dilemma. Do we go back to giving each patron only one machine, or do we give each patron both a cassette player and a record player, in the hope that at least one type of player will be working at all times? 

Neither of the above should be the long-range goal of this program. No matter what bandages the National Library Service may have to devise to get us out of the current crisis, there should be a long-range process which will put enough good quality machines into the program annually to replace those that wear out totally, as well as to provide for new patrons. We should provide a compact cassette player for all who desire the freedom, confidentiality, and portability it gives, while allowing a record player or combination machine to be kept for night and magazine reading. 

Such a program will not be cheap. It will require a substantial increase in the NLS budget at a time when getting dollars out of Congress is like taking eggs from under a "setting hen" -- not impossible, but requiring skill, risk, and determination. 

The skill must come from NLS. NLS must plan and present a program that will stand scrutiny and can be understood in its process and outcome.

The risk is that the scrutiny which such an increase in the NLS request might generate could result in cuts in other areas such as books or personnel. But this should not and must not happen if planning is sound and if NLS gets the support it needs from network librarians and talking book users. 

This time we must have determination and a little trust —trust that the program will serve patrons' needs; trust that Congress will respond to legitimate requests; and trust that, with proper funding, NLS can and will solve the machine crisis. 

Yet, in the end, it is up to us, the users, more even than to NLS to see that we get reliable equipment. We must let NLS know specifically how unreliable the present equipment is. We must stop hesitating to complain for fear we may be misunderstood or put someone's job in jeopardy. We must be willing to mount a campaign, when needed, to convince Congress to grant the necessary funding. Reliable talking book equipment can be obtained, but it will require a great deal of cooperation and effort. 

Let's do it! It's worth the price we'll pay to be able to read talking books on reliable equipment.

*****

** Is This About Us?

(Reprinted from Minnesota Memo, published by American Council of the Blind of Minnesota. Author unknown.)

This is a story about four people: Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody. 

There was an important job to be done, and Everybody was asked to do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. 

Somebody got angry about that, because it was Everybody's job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn't do it. 

It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody, when actually Nobody asked Anybody.

*****

** Call of the Mountains
By James Neal and Sue Tullos

As we were being seated for dinner, the topic under discussion was cross-country skiing -- a "cool" subject, especially since the thermometer registered 118 degrees. But in spite of the scorching summer heat, we had not gone crazy, for skiing was really a logical subject for this group to be discussing. Here in Phoenix, Arizona, at the 1983 national convention of the American Council of the Blind, a group of blind skiers was avidly swapping memories. Eight of us, in fact, were veteran skiers. We shared many fond memories of Snowmass, Colorado, where the Colorado Lions Blind Cross-Country Ski Clinic meets each year. 

An article in the December 1982 issue of The Braille Forum, entitled "Come, Meet Us on the Mountain," described a millionaire's vacation in the Winter Wonderland of the Colorado Rockies at an affordable rate. The one-week vacation of cross­country skiing, ice skating, swimming, shopping, and good company is made available each year by the Colorado Lions and BOLD (Blind Outdoor Leisure Development). The goals of the Cross-Country Ski Clinic are to provide blind persons with an opportunity to learn cross-country skiing and to give experienced skiers the chance to improve their technique. 

If you feel the call of the mountains and are interested in a week-long Rocky Mountain High vacation April 1-8, 1984, write immediately for information about costs and possible van transportation between Denver and Snowmass. Contact Peter Maines, 0155 Long Pine Road, No. 18, Aspen, CO 81611; telephone (303) 925-2086.

Only a limited number of applications can be accepted, based upon the availability of rooms and ski guides. Selection will be made on a first come, first serve basis. So if you are interested in a fun-filled vacation, hurry and apply! Last year, a number of applicants had to be turned down. You don't want that to happen to you!

*****

** Innovative Evaluation and Training Techniques Increase Job Opportunities for Multi-Handicapped Blind People 
By Harold Richterman, Director, Rehabilitation Services Division, and George Aarons, Rehabilitation Services Technician, National Industries for the Blind

In order to provide employment opportunities for limited, multi­handicapped blind persons, Royal Maid Association for the Blind and National Industries for the Blind have developed a series of electromechanical and manual work samples designed specifically for use with seriously vocationally-limited blind people. 

Work in this area began a number of years ago when these two organizations first realized that changes in evaluation and training materials as well as methods and procedures were necessary if limited blind persons were going to be served effectively. Changes in these practices had to be made in view of the changing population being referred to rehabilitation programs. Not only were NIB and Royal Maid dissatisfied with the existing programs, but referring agencies were increasingly dissatisfied with the rate of failure using old methods to try to solve new problems.

In addition, very little research was going on to determine and devise new methods of coping with new problems. The "commercial" systems developed for use with the "other handicapped," as they were constituted, were not completely effective for blind persons. Also, the rigidity of existing testing devices did not allow for the necessary flexibility to work with the severely vocationally-limited population of blind persons. At that time, many workshops could not cope with the challenge of serving multi-handicapped blind persons because they lacked a system of procedures and specialized equipment particularly adapted to working with this population. 

Hence, the development of a new series of work samples was conducted at the Royal Maid Association for the Blind, with the cooperation of National Industries for the Blind, thus involving a central facility supported by a national organization which was respected by the family of workshops for the blind. The purpose of the program was direct and clear: to evolve the structure of a vocational rehabilitation program which could develop a profile of the vocational strengths and weaknesses of each individual multi­handicapped blind person. Such a program placed less emphasis on vocational limitations because of disabilities in addition to blindness, so that a viable prescription for treatment could be developed. 

Up until just a few years ago, in many programs around the country, evaluation and training were accomplished through the use of situational assessment or on-the-job try-outs. For the type of able-bodied blind person coming into the workshops, this technique proved effective because there was a multitude of well-defined job openings available. Because workshops were completely aware of the available job openings, they had the luxury of evaluating and training a blind person for a specific job. However, as the major portion of such jobs was filled, as more complex work stations were developed, and as the industrial/vocational caliber of blind persons being referred underwent changes, the limitations of this time­honored approach to vocational evaluation became evident. No longer was the workshop certain of a particular job that would be available for which blind people could be evaluated and trained. Job setups also began to change rapidly as new items, methods, and complexities were introduced into workshop programs. Because of the increased competency of competitive placement procedures, blind people referred to the workshops generally did not have the industrial vocational potential to compete against sighted average worker norms in a competitive setting. Thus, for a majority of these people, the workshop, at least in the beginning, would be the vocational objective. 

Based upon the research done by Royal Maid, on input from knowledgeable people, and on utilization of NIB engineering and other technical personnel, as well as the review of existing literature and materials, Royal Maid, together with the support of State Services for the Blind in Mississippi, set up a vocational rehabilitation services program. Here for the first time the staff was able to totally concentrate on the vocational needs of the trainee and on research to develop work samples to meet such needs. Thus, from this point on, the negative contingencies of workshop problems no longer impacted upon the daily applications by the staff or the blind person in the program.

As Royal Maid began to develop work samples, the staff began to test them in its own programs. All work samples developed were closely scrutinized, tested, and evaluated and have withstood the test of continuous exposure, change, and experimentation. When samples proved effective, they were incorporated into the program. 

While implementing new work samples, Royal Maid used volunteer blind people with diverse vocational abilities to help determine the effectiveness of these work samples. The agency also employed a rehabilitation technician, under the sponsorship of National Industries for the Blind, to build work samples and conduct the write-ups and time studies of these work samples. In addition, NIB and Royal Maid engineers and other technicians developed blueprints, critiqued the work samples, and suggested additional work samples based on their experiences with industrial work requirements. 

During the program's developmental efforts, the basic concept was that its role of evaluation and training was one of assessing individual work components or work abilities, with less regard to "evaluating for a specific or particular job." The staff was also able to tell how well the blind person used these work abilities in a work sample situation, since such samples were developed to measure specific work abilities required for success, and since such work abilities were "normed" against the requirements of industry for performance by the "average sighted worker."

Royal Maid and NIB believe that all work can be defined and analyzed in terms of individual skills or work abilities which, taken together, are required to form the total job. Logically, then, they devised situations to measure an individual's capability to execute each of these component skills. The individual's work are then compared to those required to perform a job effectively. With such a comparison, projections can be made as to how effective the blind person can be on a job requiring those particular skills. 

Another of the program's basic concepts involved the testing methods and standards used to measure performance. Each individual in the program is allowed whatever time is necessary for practice until totally familiar with the requirements for successful performance. The individual then performs on the work sample and is given enough time for the instructor to objectively observe and record performance as compared to "average sighted worker norms."

In essence, repeated performance provides a more accurate assessment of work abilities than does a rigid time allowance that shows less regard for how the individual blind person learns best. In all cases, comparisons are made using the requirement for "average sighted workers" in regular industry, since this specifically identifies the milieu in which the blind person will compete. 

In order to serve seriously vocationally blind persons, electromechanical evaluation and training instruments have been developed, as well as manual instruments. The basic elements of the electromechanical evaluation and training instruments are two timing devices. The first, a Work Pacing Timer, serves as a metronome, repeatedly emitting an electrical impulse at preset but variable time intervals. The electrical impulse compares the functions of auxiliary units such as the "Multifunctional Work Task Unit" and the "Index Card Work Task Unit." Because the Work Pacing Timer can control the rate at which the blind person is asked to perform, it can also "teach" the concept of "fast versus slow" and "work rhythm" to seriously vocationally limited blind people who have not been exposed to such concepts.

The second timing device, a "Work Pace Reinforcer," can also be used to set the rate of performance, but it is used primarily to provide the blind person with immediate feedback on the appropriateness of the work pace as compared to the time setting. Both positive and negative reinforcers are used with this timing device. Correct responses to the correct work pace may allow a radio to continue to play, while incorrect responses will turn the radio off, activate a buzzer, or in some other way alert the blind person of the negative application. 

An interesting work sample which is part of the battery at Royal Maid is the "Revolving Assembly Table." Not only is this type of equipment common in competitive industry, but it can also be used to assess group interaction. Through the use of a progressive assembly task, utilizing the revolving assembly table and requiring several people to rely upon one another for successful achievement, Royal Maid has been able to observe the influence, or lack of influence, of peer pressure. The staff also can assess how well an individual functions in a group setting. 

Another work sample which appears to be of extreme importance for those blind persons with useable vision is the "Light and Color Work Sample." Royal Maid experience indicates that the intensity of light and variation of color contrast can impact, directly on how well a legally blind person having some residual vision can utilize such vision most effectively on a job. With the Light and Color Work Sample, the blind person can determine the most useful light, measured in foot-candle power, and the most effective color contrast, determined individually, so that the optimum light and most effective color contrast can be duplicated on the job. 

As the development and application of new work samples and the application and assessment of existing work samples continues, Royal Maid has been getting feedback regarding utilization of equipment from NIB­associated workshops. It has been reported that if blind persons who go through the program are given jobs that require the work abilities that trainees displayed while using the work samples, they can effectively transfer such work abilities and perform their jobs successfully. Thus, the type of job assignment is of less consequence, as long as it requires the same or similar work abilities or work movements. 

The Royal Maid staff is now attempting to develop a central vocational rehabilitation information program at Royal Maid in order to best serve blind people in all of the associated workshops. Such a model program will incorporate the most advanced thinking in the field of industrial vocational service to blind people with vocational limitations in addition to blindness. 

Royal Maid and NIB believe that continuous equipment development and modification will be necessary because of the changes in the types of people being served. The agencies must continue to reach out for more and more vocationally limited blind people to serve. In order to do this successfully, they must change, modify, and adapt, rather than fit the blind person into a pre-conceived mold of activities.

*****

** Artworks Sought for International Show

Artists with a disability are invited to enter their artworks in the 21st annual Sister Kenny Institute International Art Show by Disabled Artists. Entries should be received by February 1, 1984, at the Art Show headquarters in Minneapolis. 

Any artist with a physical or mental disability which limits one or more major life activities (such as caring for one's self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, breathing, learning, or working) is eligible to enter up to four pieces of art. All media are accepted, including oils, acrylics, pen and ink, water colors, pastels, sculpture, and photography. 

Over $1,000 in prize money will be awarded to artworks judged best in their category. The 1983 winners included artists from California, Wisconsin, Florida, and West Germany. Some of the winners have been working to improve their techniques for years; a few of the winners were novices. 

Artworks will be on sale during the Grand Opening on Saturday, April 7, and while the works are on display at Sister Kenny Institute. Last year over 500 people attended the Grand Opening and some 300 works of art were sold. Artists price their own entries and receive the proceeds (minus a 20% commission). There is no minimum or maximum price requirement, but the majority of works which sold last year were in the $20-$100 range. Items not for sale are accepted and included in the judging for awards and prize money. 

Sister Kenny Institute purchases a number of artworks each year from its International Art Show to add to its permanent art collection, on display at the Institute during the rest of the year. 

Artists interested in entry forms or further information may write to: Susan K. Benjamin, APR, Art Show, Sister Kenny Institute, 800 E. 28th Street at Chicago Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55407; telephone (612) 874-4482.

*****

** The White Cane: 
From a "Stick" to a Science 

(Reprinted from Visually Handicapped Views, Vol. XVII, No. 3, Published by South Dakota Association for the Blind)

The Sioux Falls transit bus stopped at the corner of 15th and Summit, and 25 to 30 commuters watched with gasps of amazement as Lerae Olesen unfolded her cane and walked down the sidewalk (fortunately straight) to her door.

As I sat on the bus listening to their comments, I began to consider the progress that has been made in mobility for blind persons. 

From 1864 to 1915, Fanny J. Crosby traveled the country by train, boat, and carriage. She sang her six thousand hymns, talked with residents and other dignitaries, and made quite a name for herself. However, she did all or most of her traveling on the arm of a sighted guide. Apparently, her "sweet blind lady" image afforded her all the help she needed. While her long skirts and hooped petticoat may have served as a bumper, it is doubtful they would have been much help in finding landmarks. 

Before World War II, blind people began to use some types of white canes. These were basically like grampa's "walking stick," but painted white. Arnold Auch remembers using such a cane. He said, "Mine was a little longer than an average walking cane, but not much. It was made of wood, clumsy, heavy, noisy, and didn't give me much information." 

After World War II, the Veterans Administration saw a need for travel training, and R.E. Hoover of Valley Forge General Hospital developed the long cane and the basic techniques that are still in use today. Hoover also had programs for training instructors -- men and women from all walks of life could qualify for instructor training. 

The "Hoover cane" was measured from the floor to the middle forearm and used in an arc and rhythm motion -- something like they are now. 

Arnold Auch first introduced the white cane to the Perkins School for the Blind in Watertown, Massachusetts, in 1952. He said students in residential schools resisted its use for a long time. He said he never knew the reason, but thought it was because they just didn't think they needed it. 

Names for white cane use have changed through the years. First it was called foot travel, then cane travel, then peripatology, and now orientation and mobility. 

From Hoover's small beginning, specialized training for instructors has grown into a science on Master's degree levels. Several colleges and universities offer programs for orientation and mobility specialists. 

Today most schools and rehabilitation programs train blind persons to use the long cane. Riki Nitz, orientation and mobility specialist at the rehabilitation center in Sioux Falls said: "Most people can learn to use a cane. The training usually takes about six months, but varies with eye condition and the presence of other handicaps." 

Long canes are used for three purposes, she said: for protection, to gather information, and to identify the user as blind or visually impaired. Hoover taught the veterans three somewhat different purposes: a bumper, a probe, and for support. 

Cane users can choose from several different kinds of canes, including folding canes, collapsible canes, orthopedic canes and long canes made from various materials.

Lerae, Arnold, and Riki agree that travel with a cane takes skill and concentration, but most of all, practice. Lerae Olesen says: "If you don't have a need, you'll never be a good traveler. The best advice I know is find a need and get out there and go!"

*****

** Input Sought from Parents of Disabled Children

If you are the parent of a blind or visually impaired child and have ever wanted to get something off your chest about your frustrations in trying to get him or her the help he or she needs, here is your chance. 

Dr. Sol Gordon, a clinical psychologist associated with Syracuse University, and Irving Dickman, who has written extensively about blindness and visual impairment, have been asked to do a book about how parents go about getting help for their disabled children. The book will deal with the child from birth through high school and will cover such areas as getting a diagnosis, finding medical and rehabilitation services, getting the child into pre-school and school, mainstreaming, the rights of parents and children in connection with the IEP (individualized education program), and vocational training. It will also deal extensively with the help parents get from other parents and parent groups. 

The authors want to tell things not as they are supposed to be, but as they really are. To do that, they feel, means basing the book above all on parents' experiences. If you would like to participate in their project -- if you would like to save other parents some of the unnecessary agonies and wasted time that most of us have experienced, please send your comments to either Irving R. Dickman, 94 Kenilworth Boulevard, Cranford, NJ 07016, or Dr. Sol Gordon, Institute for Family Research and Education, 760 Ostrom Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210. Please mention that you are responding to this notice in The Braille Forum. 

*****

** Letter to the Editor

October 24, 1983 
Subject: The Braille Forum, Vol. XXII, October 1983 

Dear Editor: 

It is regrettable that you report on a New York Times article dated June 6 concerning our Foundation without at least calling us to verify the accuracy and/or the current status. 

In the first instance, the New York Times article was highly inaccurate and misleading. 

In the second instance, this litigation was settled entirely in favor of the existing board of Directors and the duly elected officers (the defendants) ...  

It is certainly no help to the blind community to continue to disseminate what might perhaps be frightening information when, in fact, it is all behind us.

Since there is a deadline to be met, please try to comment by the end of December.

You should also note that during this entire period, the Foundation continued to graduate even more persons/dog units than it had previously. It undertook and continues to rebuild a board with people who are directly interested in the Foundation's work, and as of now, it has the most active, hard-working, creative, and intelligent Board that I have ever had the pleasure of working with. Further, during this same period, plans have been developed for the most needed kennel expansion, modification to the dormitory, and improvement in the office space. 

I do hope that you will bring the good news to your readers at as early a time as humanly possible.

-- H.J. Campbell, Jr., Chairman of the Board, Guide Dog Foundation for the Blind, Inc.

*****

** Here and There
By Elizabeth M. Lennon

Theme of the 1984 National Journalism Contest, sponsored by the President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped, is: what people with disabilities are accomplishing in the job market as employers and as workers. The contest is open to all juniors and seniors in public, private, or parochial high schools in participating states. Cash scholarships totaling $6,500 will be shared by five national winners. All state winners will receive a trip to Washington, D.C., as well as state prizes. PCEH particularly encourages disabled students to take part. The national deadline is March 1, 1984. State deadlines vary. For full details, write to: State Chairman, Governor's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped, c/o your state capital; or: National Journalism Contest, President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped, Washington, DC 20210. 

AP: Most newspaper readers around the world chuckle daily over the adventures of "Hagar the Horrible" don't know about the grim battle being fought by Dik Browne, who draws the comic strip. Browne suffers from glaucoma in both eyes and a detached retina in his right eye. He has had cataracts in both eyes. He is almost blind. Without contact lenses, he cannot see at all. "I guess Hagar is practically done by braille," said Browne. Besides contact lenses, Browne must use special magnifying eyeglasses and extra bright lights when he is working. On some days, even that is not enough, and Browne's vision fades until he cannot work. "So I just go to bed for a couple of days and put compresses on the eyes," he says. An estimated 1,400 newspapers carry Hagar, ranking it among the funny pages' most popular strips. 

The following letter from the Minnesota Accounting Aid Society was received recently by ACB Treasurer Jim Olsen in recognition of the work of one of his staff members, Mr. George Westin. Mr. Westin handles most of the ACB accounting. This effort by him is as an unpaid volunteer in the community. "A member of your staff, George Westin, participated as a volunteer in the Taxpayers Assistance Program (TAP) of the Minnesota Accounting Aid Society. TAP is a program of tax preparation assistance directed to low-income families and individuals who could not otherwise afford such services. ... This tax season, 190 volunteers -- CPA's, professional accountants in government and industry, and students of advanced accounting -- prepared Federal and state tax returns. Through their efforts, returns were completed free of charge for 1,173 low-income taxpayers in the Twin Cities. ... (R)efunds totaled $500,321.00, or $427.00 per family. Business and professional associates can take pride in the accomplishments of the volunteers. ... We value the contribution of Mr. Westin and look forward to his continued association with the Taxpayers Assistance Program."

The Human Services Research Institute (HSRI) is under contract to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to prepare a resource book that provides examples of methods used to estimate the housing needs of handicapped individuals (physically handicapped, mentally retarded/developmentally disabled, and chronically mentally ill). Organizations interested in taking part may obtain a brief description of the project, listing the types of information sought, from John M. Agosta, Ph.D., Research Associate, Human Services Research Institute, 120 Milk Street, 8th Floor, Boston, MA 02109; (617) 542-1812.

At the annual membership meeting of the National Accreditation Council for Agencies Serving the Blind and Visually Handicapped, Held November 5, 1983, in Daytona Beach, Florida, Dr. James McComas, President of Mississippi State University, was elected president of NAC. Dr. McComas succeeds Dr. Otis H. Stephens, who was not eligible to serve for another term. Previous to his election to the presidency, Dr. McComas served as chairman of NAC's Commission on Accreditation. It was also announced during the meeting that the organization had not yet selected its new executive director, but that the decision was expected to be made within a few weeks. 

If you are interested in trees, you will find a trip to the botanical gardens in St. Louis or Denver enhanced by "Identifying Broadleaf Trees of the Upper Midwest," a recorded guide for identifying hardwoods. The guide is tone-indexed and is accompanied by a thermoform supplement which clarifies certain concepts used in the cassette. Individuals may order the tape for $2.00, plus $.40 for the thermoform supplement, from Dr. Paul Ponchillia, Department of Blind Rehabilitation, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008. 

From Hoosier Starlight (Indiana): The SAGE phone, model SA50, is a microcomputerized, voice­synthesized home telephone system that does the thinking and talking for a person when an emergency strikes. The system features a compact portable radio transmitter that can be carried in the pocket. Pressing its emergency button causes a radio signal to be transmitted to the phone, which immediately dials as many as four pre-programmed numbers and repeats the message, "Emergency help needed ... " to all four parties. In addition, SAGE is a high-performance telephone system with a memory dialer of 31 numbers. Manufactured by MURA Corporation, it is available from major department stores or home entertainment centers.

The National Braille Press is initiating a children's braille book-of-the­month club to commence this Christmas. This program offers reasonably priced print/braille books for the entire family to enjoy. Membership is free. Simply send your name and address to NBP. * * * Confused about computer jargon? Thinking about buying a personal computer, but don't know where to start? NBP has just published "A Beginner's Guide to Personal Computers for the Blind and Visually Impaired." The book includes a review by blind users of six popular personal computers. Send check or money order for $6. 00 to NBP. Please indicate braille or cassette. * * * A recent report by the National Commission on Excellence in Education found widespread "mediocrity" in U.S. schools and urged sweeping changes. Find out what's wrong with education today. Send check or money order for $3.00 to NBP for your braille copy of the Commission's report, "A Nation at Risk." * * * Address orders for all of the above publications to: National Braille Press, Inc., 88 St. Stephen Street, Boston, MA 02115. 

A new catalog listing a wide range of aids and appliances for the blind is now available from Mid-Michigan Center for the Blind, Room 702, 111 S. Capitol Avenue, Lansing, MI 48933.

From Association News (D.C. Association of Workers for the Blind): At the September meeting, the DCAWB honored Mr. James Chandler, one of its outstanding members. ACB National Representative Oral Miller was master of ceremonies and "roasted" Jim and reviewed his many accomplishments. A highlight of the evening was "A Tribute to Jim Chandler," a four­stanza poem by Ann Chapman. The last stanza reads:
"So our reading is now much less grim, 
And we give all the credit to him;
Why, with our tapes voice­indexed, 
What might he think of next?
This wonderful man named Jim!"

In addition to the plaque presented by the DCAWB, Jim Chandler, a retired librarian, has won numerous awards for his activities for the benefit of the blind, including the Robert S. Bray Award, presented at the 1983 ACB national convention in Phoenix. 

Long-time ACB members Jean and Maxine Dorf retired at the end of October. Maxine has contributed to the development of braille for 32 years at the National Library Service and was honored by a reception on October 19. Jean was honored at a luncheon on October 26 by co-workers in the Department of Justice. In their retirement, they plan to travel, with a trip to Australia and New Zealand scheduled for January 1984.

The publisher of Mother Jones magazine is seeking ways to make the publication available to the print­handicapped community. Mother Jones offers a progressive political perspective on issues covered, often focusing on corporate or governmental abuses of power. The magazine also carries essays, fiction, cultural pieces, and book reviews. If interested, write Mother Jones, 1663 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA 91403. Please indicate in which form you prefer to have the magazine -- braille, cassette, flexible disc, etc. 

Corrections: In reprinting the article, "Discovering the Invisible City" (The Braille Forum, June 1983), the author's by-line was inadvertently omitted. Acknowledgement is gratefully given to Mr. Frank Clancy of San Francisco, California for his well written, perceptive article. * * * The October 1983 issue refers to latch­hook rug kits designed by Skillcraft. The name of the organization which has designed these kits is Shillcraft, 3429 Orlando Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21234.

*****

** Notice to Subscribers

The Braille Forum is available in braille, large-type, and two recorded editions -- flexible disc (8 1/3 rpm) and cassette (15/16 ips). As a bimonthly supplement, the recorded editions also include ALL-O-GRAMS, newsletter of the Affiliated Leadership League of and for the Blind of America.

Send subscription requests and address changes, as well as items intended for publication, to The Braille Forum, 190 Lattimore Road, Rochester, NY 14620.

Those much-needed and appreciated cash contributions may be sent to James R. Olsen, Treasurer, c/o ACB National Office, 1211 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 506, Washington, DC 20036.

You may wish to remember a relative or friend by sharing in the continuing work of the American Council of the Blind. The ACB National Office has available special printed cards to acknowledge to loved ones contributions made in memory of deceased persons.

Anyone wishing to remember the American Council of the Blind in his or her Last Will and Testament may do so by including a special paragraph for that purpose. If your wishes are complex, you or your attorney may wish to contact the ACB National Office.

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