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    • Board of Directors
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    • Board of Directors
      • 2001 ACB Board Minutes
        • July 7, 2001, Post-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • November 20, 2001, Board Meeting Minutes
        • November 6, 2001, Board Meeting Minutes
        • September 22 & 23, 2001, Board Meeting Minutes
      • 2002 ACB Board Minutes
        • April 30, 2002, Board Meeting Minutes
        • February 17, 2002, Board Meeting Minutes
        • JUNE 30, JULY 5, 2002, GENERAL SESSION RECORD, 41ST ANNUAL CONVENTION, HOUSTON, TEXAS
        • July 6, 2002, Post-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • June 29, 2002, Pre-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • March 17, 2002, Board Meeting Minutes
        • November 25, 2002, Board Meeting Minutes
        • September 21 & 22, 2002, Board Meeting Minutes
      • 2003 ACB Board Minutes
        • April 15, 2003, Board Meeting Minutes
        • February 11, 2003, Board Meeting Minutes
        • February 16, 2003, Board Meeting Minutes
        • February 2, 2003, Board Meeting Minutes
        • JULY 5, JULY 11, 2003, GENERAL SESSION RECORD, 42nd ANNUAL CONVENTION, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA
        • January 16, 2003, Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 12, 2003, Post Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 5, 2003, Pre-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • March 4, 2003, Board Meeting Minutes
        • November 25, 2003, Board Meeting Minutes
      • 2004 ACB Board Minutes
        • April 1, 2004, Board Meeting Minutes
        • April 22, 2004, Board Meeting Minutes
        • August 11, September 1, October 6 & October 12, 2004, Board Meeting Minutes
        • February 15 & 16, 2004, Board Meeting Minutes
        • JULY 3, JULY 10, 2004, GENERAL SESSION RECORD, 43rd ANNUAL CONVENTION, BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
        • January 14, 2004, Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 10, 2004, Post-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 3, 2004, Pre-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • June 22, 2004, Board Meeting Minutes
      • 2005 ACB Board Minutes
        • Convention Standing Rules, Adopted July 4, 2005
        • February 14, 2005, Board Meeting Minutes
        • JULY 2 - JULY 9, 2005, GENERAL SESSION RECORD, 44th ANNUAL CONVENTION, LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
        • January 22, & 23, 2005, Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 2, 2005, Pre-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 9, 2005, Post-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • May 11, 2005, Board Meeting Minutes
        • November 22, 2005, Board Meeting Minutes
        • October 1 & 2, 2005, Board Meeting Minutes
      • 2006 ACB Board Minutes
        • February 20 & 21, 2006, Board Meeting Minutes
        • JULY 8 - JULY 15, 2006, GENERAL SESSION RECORD, 45th ANNUAL CONVENTION, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA
        • July 15, 2006, Post-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 8, 2006, Pre-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • March 30, 2006, Board Meeting Minutes
        • March 6, 2006, Board Meeting Minutes
        • November 6, 2006, Board Meeting Minutes
        • September 23 & 24, 2006, Board Meeting Minutes
      • 2007 ACB Board Minutes
        • August 2, 2007, Board Meeting Minutes
        • JUNE 30 – JULY 7, 2007, CONVENTION RECORD, 46th ANNUAL CONVENTION, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA
        • January 4, 2007, Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 7, 2007, Post-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • June 30, 2007, Pre-Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • March 10 – 11, 2007, Board Meeting Minutes
        • May 23, 2007, Board Meeting Minutes
        • October 13, 2007, Board Meeting Minutes
        • October 29, 2007, Board Meeting Minutes
      • 2008 ACB Board Minutes
        • Convention Record of the 47th annual Convention of the American Council of the Blind
        • February 8 and 9, 2008, Board Meeting Minutes
        • January 2, 2008, Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 12, 2008, Post-convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 5, 2008, Pre-convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • June 4, 2008, Board Meeting Minutes
        • November 15 - 16, 2008, Board Meeting Minutes
        • October 1, 2008, Board Meeting Minutes
      • 2009 ACB Board Minutes
        • December 15, 2009, Board Meeting Minutes
        • February 20, 2009, Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 11, 2009, Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 4, 2009, Board Meeting Minutes
        • May 21, 2009, Board Meeting Minutes
        • September 12 - 13, 2009, Board Meeting Minutes
      • 2010 ACB Board Minutes
        • December 13,2010 Teleconference Meeting of the Board of Directors of the American Council of the Blind
        • February 19, 2010, Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 10, 2010, Pre-convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • July 17, 2010, Post Convention Board Meeting Minutes
        • June 9, 2010, Board Meeting Minutes
        • November 6, 2010, Board Meeting Minutes
        • September 22, 2010, Board Meeting Minutes
      • 2011 ACB Board Minutes
        • December 14, 2011 Meeting of the Board of Directors of the American Council of the Blind
        • January 11, 2011 Teleconference Meeting of the Board of Directors of the American Council of the Blind
        • Mid Year Meeting of the Board of Directors of the American Council of the Blind
        • October 1, 2011 Meeting of the Board of Directors of the American Council of the Blind
        • Post Convention Meeting of the American Council of the Blind Board of Directors
        • Pre convention Board of Directors Meeting, American Council of the Blind
        • Teleconference Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors, May 5th 2011
      • 2012 Meeting Minutes
        • December 12, 2012 Teleconference Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors
        • February 23-24, 2012 Mid Year Board Of Directors Meeting
        • July 14, 2012 Board of Directors Meeting of the American Council of the Blind
        • July 7, 2012 Pre-Convention Meeting of the Board of Directors of the American Council of the Blind
        • June 7, 2012 Teleconference Meeting of the Board of Directors of the American Council of the Blind
        • May 9, 2012 Teleconference Meeting of the Board of Directors of the American Council of the Blind
        • September 15, 2012 ACB Board of Directors Meeting Minutes
      • 2013 Meeting Minutes
        • August 21, 2013 Teleconference Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors
        • December 17, 2013 Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors Minutes
        • February 22, 2013 Mid Year ACB Board of Directors Meeting
        • January 3, 2013 Teleconference Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors
        • July 5, 2013 Pre-Convention Board of Directors Meeting
        • Minutes of the American Council of the Blind 2013 Post Convention Board of Directors Meeting
        • October 30, 2013 Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors Minutes
        • September 28, 2013 Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors Minutes
      • 2014 ACB Board of Directors Meeting Minutes
        • December 8th and 9th, 2014 ACB Board of Directors Meeting Minutes
        • February 21, 2014 ACB Board of Directors Meeting Minutes
        • January 30, 2014 Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors Minutes
        • July 12, 2014 Pre-Convention ACB Board of Directors Meeting Minutes
        • July 19, 2014 Post-Convention ACB Board of Directors Meeting Minutes
        • June 9, 2014 ACB Board of Directors Meeting Minutes
        • November 13, 2014 ACB Board of Directors Meeting Minutes
        • October 17 and 18, 2014 ACB Board of Directors Meeting Minutes
      • 2015 ACB Board of Directors Minutes
        • December 3 and 10, 2015 Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors
        • February 21, 2015, Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors
        • July 4, 2015 Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors
        • October 30-31, 2015 Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors
      • 2016 ACB Board of Directors Minutes
        • AMERICAN COUNCIL OF THE BLIND BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING MINUTES
        • AMERICAN COUNCIL OF THE BLIND BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING MINUTES
        • American Council of the Blind Board of Directors Meeting Minutes
        • February 27, 2016 Meeting of the ACB Board of Directors
      • 2017 ACB Board of Directors Minutes
        • Meeting Minutes Aug 22, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes Feb 25, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes Jun 30, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes Nov 27, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes Oct 27, 2017
      • 2018 ACB Board of Directors Minutes
        • American Council of the Blind Board of Directors Meeting Minutes
        • Board of Directors Meeting Minutes June 29, 2018
        • Board of Directors Minutes Nov. 27-Dec. 3, 2018
        • Board of Directors Minutes Oct. 5-6, 2018
      • 2019 ACB Board of Directors Minutes
        • Meeting Minutes August 22, 2019
        • Meeting Minutes Feb. 23, 2019
        • Meeting Minutes July 5, 2019
        • Meeting Minutes Nov 11 and 18, 2019
        • Meeting Minutes: Oct. 18 and 19, 2019
      • 2020 ACB Board of Directors Minutes
        • Meeting Minutes Apr 23, 2020
        • Meeting Minutes Feb 22, 2020
        • Meeting Minutes Jan 23, 2020
        • Meeting Minutes Mar 30, 2020
      • 2021 ACB Board of Directors Minutes
      • 2022 ACB Board of Directors Minutes
      • John McCann for ACB Board of Directors
    • Board of Publications
      • 2009 Board of Publications Minutes
        • April 6, 2009, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • February 20, 2009, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • January 5, 2009, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • July 5, 2009, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • March 2, 2009, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • November 2, 2009, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • September 14, 2009, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • 2010 Board of Publications Minutes
        • April 5, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • August 2, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • December 6, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • February 19, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • January 4, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • July 11, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • June 7, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • March 1, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • May 3, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • November 1, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • October 4, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • September 6, 2010, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • 2011 Board of Publications Minutes
        • April 4, 2011, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • August 1, 2011, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • December 5, 2011, Board of Publications Meeting Minutes October 3, 2011
        • February 25, 2011, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • February 7, 2011, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • January 3, 2011, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • July 10, 2011, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • June 6, 2011, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • May 2, 2011, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • October 3, 2011, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
        • September 5, 2011, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • 2012 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • April 2, 2012 BOARD OF PUBLICATIONS MEETING MINUTES
        • August 6, 2012 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • December 10, 2012 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • February 24, 2012 BOARD OF PUBLICATIONS MEETING MINUTES
        • February 6, 2012 BOARD OF PUBLICATIONS MEETING MINUTES
        • January 2, 2012 BOARD OF PUBLICATIONS MEETING MINUTES
        • July 8, 2012 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • May 7, 2012 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
      • 2013 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • April 1, 2013 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • August 13, 2013 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • December 2, 2013 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • February 22, 2013 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • February 4, 2013 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • January 7, 2013 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • May 6, 2013 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • November 4, 2013 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • October 7, 2013 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • September 9, 2013 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
      • 2014 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • April 7, 2014 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • August 4, 2014 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • December 1, 2014 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • February 21, 2014 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • January 6, 2014 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • July 13, 2014 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • June 2, 2014 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • November 3, 2014 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • October 6, 2014 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • September 8, 2014 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
      • 2015 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • April 6, 2015 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • February 2, 2015 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • July 5, 2015 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • June 1, 2015 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • March 2, 2015 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • May 4, 2015 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • November 9, 2015 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
      • 2016 BOP Meeting Minutes
        • BOP Minutes-Apr. 4, 2016
        • BOP Minutes-Aug. 2, 2016
        • BOP Minutes-Dec. 6, 2016
        • BOP Minutes-Feb. 8, 2016
        • BOP Minutes-Jan. 4, 2016
        • BOP Minutes-July 2016
        • BOP Minutes-Jun. 6, 2016
        • BOP Minutes-Mar. 7, 2016
        • BOP Minutes-May 2, 2016
        • BOP Minutes-Nov. 1, 2016
        • BOP Minutes-Oct. 4, 2016
        • Board of Publications Meeting Minutes for September 6, 2016
      • 2017 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • Meeting Minutes for April 4, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes for August 1, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes for December 5, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes for February 7, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes for January 3, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes for July 1, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes for June 6, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes for March 7, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes for November 7, 2017
        • Meeting Minutes for September 5, 2017
      • 2018 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • BOP Minutes - Jun. 30, 2018
        • BOP Minutes - Apr. 3, 2018
        • BOP Minutes - Aug. 7, 2018
        • BOP Minutes - Jan. 9, 2018
        • BOP Minutes - Jun. 5, 2018
        • BOP Minutes - Mar. 7, 2018
        • BOP Minutes - May 1, 2018
        • BOP Minutes - Nov. 13, 2018
        • BOP Minutes - Oct. 9, 2018
        • BOP Minutes - Sept. 4, 2018
      • 2019 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • BOP Minutes - Apr. 2, 2019
        • BOP Minutes - Aug. 13, 2019
        • BOP Minutes - Dec. 3, 2019
        • BOP Minutes - Feb. 5, 2019
        • BOP Minutes - Jan. 8, 2019
        • BOP Minutes - Jul. 6, 2019
        • BOP Minutes - Jun. 4, 2019
        • BOP Minutes - Mar. 12, 2019
        • BOP Minutes - May 7, 2019
        • BOP Minutes - Nov. 5, 2019
        • BOP Minutes - Oct. 1, 2019
        • BOP Minutes - Sept. 3, 2019
      • 2020 Board of Publications Meeting Minutes
        • BOP Minutes - Feb 4, 2020
        • BOP Minutes - Apr 7, 2020
        • BOP Minutes - Aug. 4, 2020
        • BOP Minutes - Jan. 7, 2020
        • BOP Minutes - Jun. 2, 2020
        • BOP Minutes - Mar 3, 2020
        • BOP Minutes - May 5, 2020
        • BOP Minutes - Nov 10, 2020
        • BOP Minutes - Oct. 6, 2020
        • BOP Minutes - Sept. 1, 2020
      • 2021 BOP Meeting Minutes
        • BOP Minutes - Apr 6, 2021
        • BOP Minutes - Aug 3, 2021
        • BOP Minutes - Feb 2, 2021
        • BOP Minutes - Jan 5, 2021
        • BOP Minutes - Jun 1, 2021
        • BOP Minutes - Mar 2, 2021
        • BOP Minutes - May 4, 2021
        • BOP Minutes - Nov. 2, 2021
        • BOP Minutes - Oct 12, 2021
        • BOP Minutes - Sept 7, 2021
      • 2022 BOP Meeting Minutes
        • BOP Minutes Feb 1, 2022
        • BOP Minutes - Apr 5, 2022
        • BOP Minutes - Aug 2, 2022
        • BOP Minutes - Dec 6, 2022
        • BOP Minutes - Jun 7, 2022
        • BOP Minutes - Mar 1, 2022
        • BOP Minutes - May 3, 2022
        • BOP Minutes - Nov 1, 2022
        • BOP Minutes - Nov 1, 2022
        • BOP Minutes - Oct 4, 2022
        • BOP Minutes - Sept. 6, 2022
        • Bop Minutes - Jan 4, 2022
      • 2023 BOP Meeting Minutes
        • BOP Minutes - Jan 3, 2023
      • April 14, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • August 4, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • BOP Editorial Policy Manual, 2015
      • Board of Publications Hosts Internet Candidates' Page
      • Board of Publications Minutes
      • Charles Hodge for ACB Board of Publications
      • December 1, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of December 1, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • January 30, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • July 6, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • June 2, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • March 3, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • Marcia Dresser for ACB Board of Publications
      • May 5, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • November 3, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • October 6, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • September 1, 2008, Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Publications
      • Thomas Mitchell for ACB Board of Publications
    • Committees & Task Forces
      • ACB Radio Management Committee
      • ACB Store-Mini Mall Committee
      • Advocacy Services Committee
      • Audio Description Project (ADP) Committee
      • Audio Description Project Task Force
      • Awards Committee
      • Braille Authority of North America
      • Constitution and Bylaws Committee
      • Convention Coordinating Committee
      • Convention Program Committee
      • Credentials Committee
      • Employment Issues Committee
      • Environmental Access Committee
      • Fitness Equipment Equity Task Force
      • Information Access Committee
      • International Relations Committee
      • Investment Committee
      • Leadership Institute Training Committee
      • McDaniel Fund Committee
        • Recipients of the Durward K. McDaniel First Timer and J.P. Morgan Chase Leadership Fellow Awards Speak Out
      • Membership Committee
      • Monthly Monetary Support Committee
      • Multicultural Affairs Committee
      • National Library Service
      • Next Generation Committee
      • Nominating Committee
      • Other Representatives
      • PR Committee downloads
      • Rehabilitation Issues Task Force
      • Resolutions Committee
      • Resource Development Committee
      • Scholarship Grant Committee
      • Sight and Sound Impaired Committee
      • Special Education/Schools for the Blind Task Force
      • Transportation Committee
      • Voting Task Force
      • Women's Concerns Committee
      • World Blind Union Delegates
    • History
    • ACB Resolutions
      • 2009 Resolutions
      • 2010 Resolutions
      • 2011 Resolutions
      • 2012 Resolutions
      • 2013 Resolutions
      • 2014 Resolutions
      • 2015 Resolutions
      • 2016 Resolutions
      • 2017 Resolutions
      • 2018 Resolutions
      • 2019 Resolutions
      • 2020 Resolutions
      • 2021 Resolutions
      • 2022 Resolutions
      • Index
      • Resolution on Full Funding of Vocational Rehabilitation Services for the Blind and Visually Impaired
    • Affiliates
      • Special Interest Affiliates
        • ACB Diabetics in Action
        • ACB Families
        • ACB Government Employees
        • ACB Human Service Professionals
        • ACB Next Generation
        • ACB Radio Amateurs
        • ACB Students
        • Alliance on Aging and Vision Loss
        • American Association of Blind Teachers
        • American Association of Visually Impaired Attorneys
        • American Council of Blind Lions
        • Blind Information Technology Specialists
        • Blind LGBT Pride International
        • Braille Revival League
        • Council of Citizens with Low Vision International
        • Friends In Art of ACB, Inc.
        • Guide Dog Users, Inc.
        • Independent Visually Impaired Enterprisers
        • Library Users of America
        • Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America
        • Visually Impaired Veterans of America
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Events
  • Programs & Services
    • ACB Community Events
      • Recurring Events
      • Weekly Events
    • Scholarships
    • Audio Description Project
    • Advocacy & Governmental Affairs
      • Advocacy
    • ACB Media
    • Convention
    • Membership
  • Resources
    • Jobs
    • ACB Archives
    • Blind / Low Vision Resources
      • Scholarship Program
      • ACB Leadership List Guidelines
      • ACB-Chat List Rules
      • ADA Signage
      • AFB: Be a Better Champion for Specialized Services
      • Banks with Talking ATM Machines
      • Best Practices and Guidelines for Large Print Documents used by the Low Vision Community authored by the Council of Citizens with Low Vision International An Affiliate of the American Council of the Blind Arlington, VA
      • Best Practices for Large Print Documents
      • Braille Resources
        • Braille Business Cards
        • Braille Instruction
        • Braille Paper
        • Braille Writer Repair Services
        • Description and History of Braille
        • Producers of Braille Documents
      • Diabetic Resources for the Blind and Visually Impaired
      • Filing a Video Description Complaint with the FCC
      • General Resources
      • Guide Dog Resources
      • Homes for the Blind
      • Low Vision Resources
      • Medical Information Resources
      • Microsoft Office Accessibility Resources
      • Music Resources
      • Outreach RE Requesting Alternate Formats From SSA
      • Religious Resources
      • Resources for Older Individuals Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired
      • Resources for Parents and Teachers of Blind and Visually Impaired Children
      • Resources for Persons with Low Vision
      • Section 904
      • Sports, Recreational and Leisure Resources
      • Where Taxpayers With Disabilities Can Find Online Help from the IRS
      • White Cane Laws for States
    • Affiliate Resources
      • Encouraging Affiliates with Techniques to Reach More Members
      • Exploring How Affiliates Can Reach New Members
      • Fundraising for ACB Activities Including the National Convention
      • Gaining and Maintaining Membership
      • Growing a Great Convention
      • How Can We Complete Our Business During Meetings More Efficiently?
      • How Can We Reactivate Past Members and “Wow” Our Current Members to Retain Them?
      • How to Find Blindness Related Resources and Sharing Them
      • Ideas for Affiliates and Chapters
      • Ideas to Interest Students
      • Involving Youth in ACB
      • Leadership Materials
        • Board Member's Manual for State and Special Interest Affiliates
        • Creating a Media Kit for Your ACB Affiliate or Chapter
        • Simplified Parliamentary Procedure
        • The PSA Handbook for ACB Affiliates and Chapters
        • The Press Release Handbook for ACB Affiliates and Chapters
      • Membership Incentives
      • Networking, Communication and Contact
      • Officer’s and Board Member's Manual for State and Special Interest Affiliates
      • President's Manual for State and Special Interest Affiliates
      • Reaching Blind and Visually Impaired Seniors
      • Reaching Out to Your Community to Educate and Inform People About Blindness
      • Secretary's Manual for State and Special Interest Affiliates
      • Strategies for Enhancing Membership
      • Strategies for Member Renewal and Reactivation
      • Tips for Successful Membership Recruitment and Retention
      • Tips to Retain Members
      • Treasurer's Manual for State and Special Interest Affiliates
      • Vice President's Manual for State and Special Interest Affiliates
    • Peer Support
    • Handbooks / Manuals
      • Are You a Senior Citizen Struggling with Vision Loss?
      • Are You the Parents of A Blind Child?
      • Guide to Successful College Experience
      • Pedestrian Safety
      • Pedestrian Safety Handbook
        • "Modern" Signalized Intersections
        • APS
        • Acknowledgements
        • Advocacy
        • Afterword
        • Appendix A: Letter
        • Appendix B: Template
        • Appendix C: Case Studies
        • Appendix D: Glossary
        • Crossing Where No Traffic Control
        • Drivers’ Yielding Behavior
        • Finding Crosswalk: Part 1
        • Finding Crosswalk: Part 2
        • Finding the Crosswalk
        • Mitch's Message
        • Rights-of-Way Regulations
      • Rehabilitation Issues Task Force Revised Rehabilitation White Paper
      • Whitepaper On Rehabilitation and Training
    • Products & Services
      • Accessible Cards and Gifts
      • Computer Products, Publications, Training, and Information Sources
      • Funding Assistive Technology Resources
      • Magnifying Aids - Low Vision Center
      • Technology, Software, Related Resources
      • Travel Resources
      • Useful Products for Blind and Visually Impaired Persons
    • Professional Employment Associations
  • Publications & Media
    • Live Events
    • News
    • Braille Forum
      • 1997 Issues
        • BF Apr 1997
        • BF Aug 1997
        • BF Dec 1997
        • BF Feb 1997
        • BF Jan 1997
        • BF Jul 1997
        • BF Jun 1997
        • BF Mar 1997
        • BF May 1997
        • BF Nov 1997
        • BF Oct 1997
        • BF Sept 1997
      • 1998 Issues
        • BF Apr 1998
        • BF Aug 1998
        • BF Dec 1998
        • BF Feb 1998
        • BF Jan 1998
        • BF Jul 1998
        • BF Jun 1998
        • BF Mar 1998
        • BF May 1998
        • BF Nov 1998
        • BF Oct1998
        • BF Sept 1998
      • 1999 Issues
        • BF Apr 1999
        • BF Aug 1999
        • BF Dec 1999
        • BF Feb 1999
        • BF Jan 1999
        • BF Jul 1999
        • BF Jun 1999
        • BF Mar 1999
        • BF May 1999
        • BF Nov1999
        • BF Oct 1999
        • BF Sept 1999
      • 2000 Issues
        • BF Apr 2000
        • BF Aug 2000
        • BF Convention 2000
        • BF Dec 2000
        • BF Feb 2000
        • BF Jan 2000
        • BF Jul 2000
        • BF Jun 2000
        • BF Mar 2000
        • BF May 2000
        • BF Nov 2000
        • BF Oct 2000
        • BF Sept 2000
      • 2001 Issues
        • BF Apr 2001
        • BF Aug 2001
        • BF Dec 2001
        • BF Feb 2001
        • BF Jan 2001
        • BF Jul 2001
        • BF Jun 2001
        • BF Mar 2001
        • BF May 2001
        • BF Nov 2001
        • BF Oct 2001
        • BF Sept 2001
      • 2002 Issues
        • BF April 2002
        • BF Feb 2002
        • BF Jan 2002
        • BF Jul-Aug 2002
        • BF Jun 2002
        • BF Mar 2002
        • BF May 2002
        • BF Nov 2002
        • BF Oct 2002
        • BF Sept 2002
      • 2003 Issues
        • BF Apr 2003
        • BF Feb 2003
        • BF July-Aug 2003
        • BF Jun 2003
        • BF Mar 2003
        • BF May 2003
        • BF Nov 2003
        • BF Oct 2003
        • BF Sept 2003
        • BF Winter 2003
      • 2004 Issues
        • BF Apr-May 2004
        • BF Feb 2004
        • BF Jul-Aug 2004
        • BF Jun 2004
        • BF Mar 2004
        • BF Nov 2004
        • BF Sep-Oct 2004
        • BF Winter 2004
      • 2005 Issues
        • BF Apr 2005
        • BF Feb 2005
        • BF Jul-Aug 2005
        • BF Jun 2005
        • BF Mar 2005
        • BF May 2005
        • BF Oct 2005
        • BF Sept 2005
        • BF Winter 2005
        • BF Winter 2006
          • 2006 Convention Preview
          • ACB Scholarships Available to Blind Students
          • Affiliate News
          • Fall Board Meeting Summary
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Hurricane Katrina Check-In
          • IRIS Network
          • John Di Francesco
          • Legislative Seminar
          • Letters to the Editor
          • MMS "Two-for-One" Program
          • Membership Focus
          • Notes on a New Year
          • President's Message
          • Who Do You Admire?
          • Who Is Eligible for Drug Plan Costs?
      • 2006 Issues
        • BF April 2006
        • BF Feb 2006
        • BF Jul-Aug 2006
        • BF Jun 2006
        • BF Mar 2006
        • BF May 2006
        • BF Nov 2006
        • BF Oct 2006
        • BF Sept 2006
      • 2007 Issues
        • BF Apr 2007
        • BF Dec 2007
        • BF Feb 2007
        • BF Jul-Aug 2007
        • BF Jun 2007
        • BF Mar 2007
        • BF May 2007
        • BF Nov 2007
        • BF Oct 2007
        • BF Sept 2007
        • BF Winter 2007
      • 2008 Issues
        • BF Apr 2008
        • BF Aug 2008
        • BF Dec 2008
        • BF Feb 2008
        • BF Jan 2008
        • BF Jul 2008
        • BF Jun 2008
        • BF Mar 2008
        • BF May 2008
        • BF Nov 2008
        • BF Oct 2008
        • BF Sept 2008
      • 2009 Issues
        • BF Apr 2009
        • BF Aug 2009
        • BF Dec 2009
          • Class Action ACB v. SSA
          • President's Message
        • BF Feb 2009
        • BF Jan 2009
        • BF Jul 2009
        • BF Jun 2009
        • BF Mar 2009
        • BF May 2009
        • BF Nov 2009
        • BF Oct 2009
        • BF Sept 2009
      • 2010 Issues
        • BF Apr 2010
        • BF Aug 2010
        • BF Dec 2010
        • BF Feb 2010
          • AFFILIATE NEWS
          • BOARD OF PUBLICATIONS AWARDS: THIS YEAR IT COULD BE YOU!
          • HERE AND THERE Edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • PASSINGS
          • SECOND ANNUAL ACB WALK by Dan Dillon
          • SPOTLIGHT YOUR AFFILIATE WITH A BOP AWARD!
          • THE MMS PROGRAM MAKES IT EASIER FOR YOU TO HELP ACB by Dena Wilson
          • THE SUNNY SOUTHWEST: ACB CONFERENCE AND CONVENTION 2010 by Carla Ruschival
        • BF Jan 2010
          • HIGH TECH SWAP SHOP
          • Here and There
        • BF Jul 2010
        • BF Jun 2010
        • BF Mar 2010
        • BF May 2010
        • BF Nov 2010
        • BF Oct 2010
        • BF Sept 2010
      • 2011 Issues
        • BF Dec 2011
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
          • Here and There, edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • In Memoriam: Lola Siren
        • The Braille Forum, April 2011
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The Braille Forum, February 2011
          • AFFILIATE NEWS
          • HERE AND THERE edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • HIGH TECH SWAP SHOP
          • YOU CAN SHOP ANYTIME AT THE ACB STORE by Carla Ruschival
        • The Braille Forum, July-August 2011
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The Braille Forum, June 2011
          • Affiliate News: Convention Sneak Preview
        • The Braille Forum, March 2011
          • AFFILIATE NEWS
          • HERE AND THERE edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • HIGH TECH SWAP SHOP
        • The Braille Forum, May 2011
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Library Users of America to Host Book Flea Market, by Peggy R. Garrett
        • The Braille Forum, October-November 2011
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The Braille Forum, September 2011
          • Affiliate News
        • The Braille Forum, january 2011
          • AFFILIATE NEWS
          • HERE AND THERE edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • HIGH TECH SWAP SHOP
      • 2012 Issues
        • Affiliate News
        • Here and There edited by Sue Lichtenfels
        • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The Braille Forum, April 2012
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The Braille Forum, December 2012
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The Braille Forum, February 2012
          • AFFILIATE NEWS
          • HERE AND THERE edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • HIGH TECH SWAP SHOP
        • The Braille Forum, January 2012
          • HERE AND THERE edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • HIGH TECH SWAP SHOP
        • The Braille Forum, July-August 2012
          • HERE AND THERE edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • HIGH TECH SWAP SHOP
        • The Braille Forum, June 2012
          • AFFILIATE NEWS
          • BOP with 2012 Candidate's Page
          • HERE AND THERE edited by Sue Lichtenfels
          • HIGH TECH SWAP SHOP
        • The Braille Forum, March 2012
          • Affiliate News
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The Braille Forum, May 2012
        • The Braille Forum, October-November 2012
          • AFFILIATE NEWS
          • HERE AND THERE
          • HIGH TECH SWAP SHOP
        • The Braille Forum, September 2012
          • AFFILIATE NEWS
          • HERE AND THERE
          • HIGH TECH SWAP SHOP
      • 2013 Issues
        • ACB Braille Forum, February 2013
          • Affiliate News
          • An Update from GDUI
          • DKM First-Timer Program: A Tribute to an ACB Pioneer by Allen J. Casey
          • Here and There by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • ACB Braille Forum, June 2013
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • ACB Braille Forum, March 2013
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • ACB Braille Forum, May 2013
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • ACB Braille Forum, September 2013
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • ACB E-Forum, April 2013
          • Affiliate and Committee News
          • Here and There by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • ACB E-Forum, August 2013
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • ACB E-Forum, July 2013
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Braille Forum Nov 2013
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • E-Forum Dec 2013
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The ACB E-Forum, October 2013
          • Affiliate and Committee News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The Braille Forum, January 2013
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
      • 2014 Issues
        • ACB E-Forum, February 2014
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Affiliate News
        • BF January 2014
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Shopping for Health Care: Comparing Hospitals Can Help Consumers Make Good Decisions by Ron Pollack
        • Braille Forum, July 2014
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Braille Forum, March 2014
          • ACB Braille Forum, March 2014 downloads
          • ACB Leadership Institute 2014
          • ACB's Legislative Priorities for 2014, by Melanie Brunson
          • Affiliate News
          • Board of Publications Awards Your Excellence in 2014
          • Come to Vegas and Hit the Jackpot!
          • Community Outreach Challenge, by Tristen Breitenfeldt
          • Conducting Business with Social Security: What You Should Know and How You Can Help, by Len Burns
          • DKM First-Timer Selection Nears
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • How to Get the Most Out of Rehab, Part III: Available Services, by Doug Powell
          • In Memoriam: Buddy Spivey, Dec. 31, 1941-Jan. 9, 2014
          • Las Vegas: Deal Us In!, by Janet Dickelman
          • Membership Focus: Creative Ways to Meet, Especially in Rural Areas, compiled by Ardis Bazyn
          • President's Message: Be Sure You Are Protected!, by Kim Charlson
          • Summary of the Fall 2013 ACB Board Meeting, by Denise Colley
        • Braille Forum, Sept 2014
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
        • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
        • High Tech Swap Shop
        • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Snowflakes and Birthday Cake: It’s Holiday Auction Time, by Carla Ruschival
        • The ACB Braille Forum, May 2014
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The ACB Braille Forum, November 2014
        • The ACB Braille Forum, November 2014 downloads
        • The ACB E-Forum, April 2014
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The ACB E-Forum, August 2014
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Your Options for Medicare Supplemental Coverage by Ron Pollack
        • The ACB E-Forum, December 2014
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The ACB E-Forum, June 2014
        • The ACB E-Forum, October 2014
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
      • 2015 Issues
        • Braille Forum January 2015
          • Accessing the ACB Forum and E-Forum: Let Me Count the Ways, by Judy Wilkinson
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Braille Forum July 2015
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Braille Forum March 2015
          • A Telecommuting Job Could Be Just What You Are Looking For, by Dr. Ronald E. Milliman
          • ACB’s Stars Will Shine Bright in Dallas, by Janet Dickelman
          • Acknowledgement
          • Affiliate News
          • Best Audio Holiday Season Ever, by Susan Glass
          • Board of Publications Again Awards Your Excellence in Media and Writing in 2015
          • Call for Nominees for 2015 ACB Awards!, by Chelle Hart & Chip Hailey
          • Come to the Lone Star Loot Auction!
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • Last Call: The DKM Train Is Leaving the Station, by Allen Casey
          • Let the Stars Shine Bright on the ACB Brenda Dillon Memorial Walk, by Donna Brown
          • President’s Message: More on Accessible Prescription Labels, by Kim Charlson
          • Tax Tips from the IRS, by Melanie Brunson
          • The Importance of Grassroots, by Kathy Brockman
        • Braille Forum May 2015
          • Affiliate News
          • Convention Week Sneak Preview, by Janet Dickelman
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Braille Forum November 2015
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Braille Forum September 2015
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • E-Forum April 2015
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • E-Forum August 2015
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • E-Forum December 2015
          • Affiliate and Committee News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • E-Forum June 2015
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • E-Forum October 2015
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
        • E-Forum, February 2015
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
      • 2016 Issues
        • BF January 2016
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • BF July 2016
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • BF March 2016
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • BF May 2016
          • Affiliate and Committee News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • BF November 2016
          • Affiliate and Committee News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • BF September 2016
          • Affiliate News
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • EF April 2016
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • EF August 2016
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • EF December 2016
          • ACB Fall Board Meeting Report, by Ron Brooks
          • Affiliate and Committee News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • EF February 2016
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • EF June 2016
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • EF October 2016
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There, edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
      • 2017 Issues
        • Affiliate News
        • Braille Forum January 2017
          • Affiliate News
            • Affiliate News
          • Here and There edited by Sharon Strzalkowski
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Braille Forum March 2017
          • ACB Commends Access Board on 508 Refresh
          • Affiliate News
          • Awards Committee Seeks Nominees for 2017 ACB Awards
          • Celebrate the Life and Legacy of Durward K. McDaniel Support the DKM FirstTimer Program
          • Easy Fund Raiser for Your Affiliate
          • Helpful Hints for Attending the Convention
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Holiday Auction Thank Yous
          • Ida Schwerzel A Century of Memories Part 2
          • In Memoriam: Otis H. Stephens Jr. Sept. 20, 1936-Dec. 2, 2016
          • Presidents Message Planning for the Future
          • Readers Remembrances of Otis Stephens
          • Spotlight On ACB Students
        • Braille Forum September 2017
        • December 2017
          • Here and There
        • E-Forum June 2017
          • Affiliate and Committee News
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Here and There
        • Here and There
        • High Tech Swap Shop
        • High Tech Swap Shop
        • November 2017
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • October 2017
        • The ACB Braille Forum July 2017
        • The ACB Braille Forum May 2017
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The ACB E-Forum April 2017
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The ACB E-Forum August 2017
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • The ACB E-Forum February 2017
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
      • 2018 Issues
        • ACB Braille Forum Feb 2018
          • ACB E-Forum February 2018 Downloads
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
        • ACB Braille Forum Jan 2018
          • Affiliate News
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • ACB Braille Forum July 2018
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Passings
        • ACB Braille Forum March 2018
          • Affiliate News
        • ACB Braille Forum May 2018
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
        • ACB Braille Forum Nov 2018
        • ACB Braille Forum Sept 2018
        • ACB E-Forum April 2018
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • ACB E-Forum Aug 2018
          • Here and There
        • ACB E-Forum Dec 2018
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Hot Toys for Holiday Gift-Giving
        • ACB E-Forum June 2018
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
        • ACB E-Forum Oct 2018
      • 2019 Issues
        • ACB E-Forum Aug 2019
        • ACB E-Forum Feb 2019
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • ACB E-Forum Jun 2019
        • Braille Forum Jan 2019
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Braille Forum July 2019
        • Braille Forum Mar 2019
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • Braille Forum May 2019
          • President’s Message
        • Braille Forum Nov-2019
        • Braille Forum Sept 2019
        • E-Forum Apr 2019
          • High Tech Swap Shop
        • E-Forum Dec 2019
        • E-Forum Oct 2019
          • Rochester Convention Celebrated
      • 2020 Issues
        • BF Jan 2020
          • President’s Message
        • BF July 2020
          • Affiliate and Committee News
          • Belonging in ACB
          • Commentary
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • How to Access Virtual Convention
          • In Memoriam: Camille Caffarelli
          • Mouse Assisting Inclusive Technology
          • President’s Message: First Virtual Convention
          • Summary of Board of Dir. Meeting, April 23, 2020
          • The ADA at 30
          • The Only Moment
          • Tuesday Topics
        • BF Mar 2020
        • BF May 2020
          • President’s Message
        • BF Nov 2020
          • 2020 Resolutions Summary
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
          • Honesty
          • In Memoriam: Charlie Crawford
          • Include in Affiliate
          • Lies
          • MMS Future
          • Notice
          • Plans for 2021
          • President’s Message
          • Readers Remember
          • Revision to DKM
        • BF Sept 2020
          • 2020 Awards Winners
          • ACB 2020 Convention Thank-Yous
          • ACB 2020 Virtual Convention: That’s a Wrap!
          • ACB Membership Seminar
          • Here and There
          • Holiday Auction
          • In Memoriam: Berl Lynn Colley
          • Letter to the Editor
          • President’s Message: Finally Baseball!
          • Ski for Light 2021
          • Thank You
          • To Mobility and Beyond
          • Walked Virtual Path to Future
        • EF Apr 2020
        • EF Aug 2020
          • Affiliate and Committee News
          • Beginning Again
          • Book Review
          • COVID-19 Will Be Beat
          • COVID-19 and Blindness
          • Cavemen
          • Diaphragmatic Breathing
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Kindness of Neighbors
          • Pick a Peck
          • President’s Message
          • Virus or Victim
          • ‘End of Oct.’ Review
        • EF Dec 2020
          • Affiliate News
          • Apply to DKM First-Timers Award
          • BADIE
          • Board Meetings Summary
          • Celebrating CVAA
          • Chaplain’s Corner
          • Flexibility
          • Going Virtual Again
          • Here and There
          • Mini Mall Holiday
          • President’s Message
          • Qualifying for SSD
          • Retaining Members
          • Safe Cooking
          • Senator Markey Celebrates
        • EF Feb 2020
        • EF June 2020
          • ACB Easy Chair Auction
          • ACB –Path to Future
          • Affiliate and Committee News
          • Backyard Wedding
          • Book Review
          • Continuing Education
          • Conventions
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • MMS Going Virtual!
          • Memories of Lynn Hedl
          • Mini Mall Headlines
          • Passings
          • Performing Marriage Ceremonies
          • President’s Message
          • Walking up a Storm
          • Ways to Listen
          • Wine and Song
          • Wine and Song
        • EF Oct 2020
          • ADA Turns 30
          • ADA at Thirty
          • Affiliate News
          • DARE2TRI
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Involving Special-Interest Affiliates
          • Jeanne Sanders
          • Mini Mall Mega News
          • Passings
          • Perseverance in Martial Arts
          • Pre-Convention Board Meeting
          • President’s Message
          • Swimming Blind & Free
          • Triathlon Dare2tri
          • Vision Loss, Therapy, Weightlifting
      • 2021 Issues
        • BF Jan 2021
          • Apply to 2021 ACB/JPMorgan Chase Leadership Fellow
          • BOP to Award Excellence
          • Become a 2021 Recipient of DKM Award
          • Call for 2021 ACB Awards Nominees
          • Convention Dates
          • Help Revive Braille!
          • Here and There
          • In Memoriam: Larry Turnbull
          • Joys of Learning Braille
          • Mother Was a Braille Transcriber
          • Passings
          • President’s Message
          • That Stupid School!
        • BF Jul 2021
          • Accessing the Virtual Convention
          • Beyond
          • Continuing Ed
          • Don’t Forget MMS
          • Here and There
          • It’s Not Too Late
          • Learning
          • Let’s Go Fishing!
          • Meeting Summary
          • Mini Mall Minute
          • President’s Message
        • BF Mar 2021
          • Angels Memorial Program
          • Continuing Ed in 2021
          • Expanding Recruiting
          • Guide Dog If Low Vision?
          • Guide Dog Magnified
          • Here and There
          • Low Vision Story Bites
          • President’s Message
          • Summary - Nov 2020 Board Mtg.
          • Two Big Announcements!
          • Welcome to CCLVI
        • BF May 2021
          • Affiliate - Committee News
          • Book Review
          • Continuing Ed
          • Diamond Jubilee Auction
          • Get Moving Together
          • Here and There
          • In Memoriam
          • Mini Mall Headlines
          • President’s Message
          • Registration Q&A
          • Start a Chapter
          • Verizon Media Announces
          • Victor Reader Tip
          • Voting at Convention
          • Welcome New Employees
          • Your Vote Counts
        • BF Nov 2021
          • A Visit
          • Affiliate News
          • Brief Overview
          • Button Box?
          • Fun Facts about Nebraska
          • Greatest Fears
          • Here and There
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Holiday Shopping at Mini Mall
          • Karaoke Helps
          • Passings
          • President’s Message
          • Vision Loss Thoughts
        • BF Sept 2021
          • 2021 Convention
          • Affiliate News
          • Audio Description Achievement Awards
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Isolation to Inspiration
          • President’s Message
          • This Year’s Award Winners
          • Wrapping Up
        • EF Apr 2021
          • 13th Annual ADP Awards
          • 2021 Talking Book Narrator
          • 421 for ‘21
          • A Place at Table
          • Affiliate News
          • Connected in New Mexico
          • Heart of a Legacy
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • In Memoriam: Doc Bradley
          • Learning and Leading
          • Man Made Difference 
          • New Members Portal
          • People of Color
          • President’s Message
          • Smoke Signal
          • What Color Is the Dream?
          • What is IDC?
        • EF Aug 2021
          • Affiliate News
          • Blindness in United Arab Emirates
          • Bosnia and Herzegovina
          • Describing Diversity
          • Erasmus
          • Eye on USA
          • Furry Lifesaver
          • Get Moving Together
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • India
          • Passings
          • President’s Message
          • World Turned Inside Out
        • EF Dec 2021
          • 2021 Resolutions
          • Board Meeting Summaries
          • Christmas Wishes
          • Convention 2022 Preview
          • Here and There
          • Looking
          • Mother of Fundraisers
          • Notice of Proposed Settlement
          • Passings
          • President’s Message
          • Team Up
          • The New Year
        • EF Feb 2021
          • 2020 Convention Info
          • About ADP Website
          • Apply to 2021 Recipient of DKM Award
          • Audio Description Commercials
          • Audio Description Project
          • Audio Description Snobbery
          • Audio Description What it Means
          • Charlie Crawford on Wall of Angels
          • God’s Audio Description
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • In Memoriam: James Megivern
          • Paradigm Shift
          • President’s Message
        • EF Jun 2021
          • Affiliate News
          • Continuing Ed News
          • Convention Preview
          • Enjoy the Perks
          • Feb Board Meeting
          • Get Exercise
          • Get Up Get Moving
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Massage
          • Never Give Up
          • President’s Message
          • Review of Spark
          • The New $20
          • The Room
        • EF Oct 2021
          • Accessing Transit Services
          • Affiliate News
          • Here and There
          • Here and There
          • Letter to Dept of Trans
          • Moving Forward
          • Nearly Roadkill
          • On to Omaha
          • President’s Message
          • Reach People
          • Summary July 2021 Board Meeting
          • What About Paratransit?
          • Why Restructure?
      • 2022 Issues
        • BF Jan 2022
          • 10-9-21 Board Mtg Summary
          • ACB Diabetics in Action
          • Announcing 2022 Tours
          • BOP Awards Excellence
          • Blind LGBT Welcomes You
          • Braille Link to Literacy
          • Call for Nominees
          • Call for Nominees
          • Come One, Come All
          • Guide Dog Users
          • Happy New Year
          • IVIE
          • Not Your Father’s …
          • President’s Message
          • Reach Higher
          • Salutes Award Winners
          • Where Impaired Thrive
        • BF Jul 2022
          • Accessing ACB Info
          • Blind student
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • Learning Better Leader
          • Passings
          • Pregnant Nun
          • President’s Message
          • Public Transportation
          • Recipes
          • Thank You
          • Tips for Convention
          • Wild Figs
          • Writers reimagine roles
        • BF Mar 2022
          • Affiliate News
          • Board Makes Virtual
          • Boxes
          • Dance with Cancer
          • Gifts of Mentorship
          • Here and There
          • High Tech Swap Shop
          • In Memoriam: Bill Spoone
          • Learn Hours
          • MMS March Madness
          • Motherhood
          • New Spin
          • Passings
          • President’s Message
          • Removal
          • Time to Plan
          • Walk Here
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  1. Home
  2. About Us
  3. ACB Resolutions
  4. 2014 Resolutions

2014 Resolutions

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

  • 2014 Resolutions Summaries
  • Resolution 2014-01 - Misrepresentation of Service Animals
  • Resolution 2014-02 - Lions Replica Canes
  • Resolution 2014-03 - Appropriate O&M Instruction and Professional Preparation
  • Resolution 2014-04 - Appropriate Braille Instruction and Professional Preparation
  • Resolution 2014-05 - Fire Codes
  • Resolution 2014-06 - Accessible Currency
  • Resolution 2014-07 - Equal Access to Public Library Digital Collections
  • Resolution 2014-08 - RSVA Employment Institute Initiative
  • Resolution 2014-09 - Opposition to NCD's 14(c) Recommendations
  • Resolution 2014-10 - Section 508 Responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Justice
  • Resolution 2014-11 - Amending the New Section 503 Affirmative Action Regulations
  • Resolution 2014-12 - Identification of Download-Only BARD Books
  • Resolution 2014-13 - Medicare Information Access
  • Resolution 2014-14 - Postal Service Cluster Mailbox Delivery
  • Resolution 2014-15 - Marketing the Vending Program
  • Resolution 2014-16 - Digital TV and Set-Top Box Access
  • Resolution 2014-17 - Ride-Share Services
  • Resolution 2014-18 - Commending the Riviera Hotel
  • Resolution 2014-19 - Cogratulating the Convention Host Committee and the NCB
  • Resolution 2014-20 - Appreciation for Convention Volunteers

Summary of 2014 Resolutions

For the full 2014 Resolutions you may go to /resolutions2014.

Resolution 2014-01 directs ACB’s elected and staff leadership to implement all appropriate strategies to address the widespread problem of the misrepresentation of untrained and inappropriate animals as service animals.
 
Resolution 2014-02 calls upon Lions Clubs International to adopt a replica straight cane as a more accurate and appropriate symbol of the cane currently in use by most individuals who are blind or visually impaired.
 
Resolution 2014-03 identifies a variety of limitations, inadequacies, and challenges with the current nationwide provision of orientation and mobility training to children and youth with vision loss; directs ACB to take responsive action through advocacy and educational outreach; and demands that the U.S. Department of Education take immediate monitoring and enforcement action.
 
Resolution 2014-04 identifies a variety of limitations, inadequacies, and challenges with the current nationwide provision of braille instruction to children and youth with vision loss; directs ACB to take responsive action through advocacy and educational outreach; and demands that the U.S. Department of Education take immediate monitoring and enforcement action.
 
Resolution 2014-05 directs the ACB elected and staff leadership to enter only into agreements with convention facilities (i.e., hotels, etc.) when such facilities are in compliance with all applicable fire safety codes, and bars ACB from entering into such agreements when facilities are not in compliance and/or where no applicable fire safety codes are in force.
 
Resolution 2014-06 expresses deep frustration with the U.S. government's failure to fulfill its judicially recognized obligation to provide accessible paper currency, and empowers ACB’s elected and staff leadership to explore all appropriate means for compelling immediate compliance.
 
Resolution 2014-07 calls upon Overdrive, Inc. to make its library access software fully accessible to library patrons who are blind or visually impaired, and calls upon all public and academic libraries to join in this effort.
 
Resolution 2014-08 expresses ACB's support for the development and ultimate establishment of a Humphreys Randolph-Sheppard Employment Institute for the purpose of expanding the Randolph-Sheppard vending program nationwide.
 
Resolution 2014-09 clarifies that the recommendations proposed by the National Council on Disability to replace current law's allowance of the payment of subminimum wages with a supported employment model do not satisfy ACB's expectations for any policy proposal aiming to eliminate the subminimum wage allowance.
 
Resolution 2014-10 calls upon the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) to refrain from defending federal agencies in court when such agencies face claims of Section 508 violation and have not met the "good faith" criteria which ACB urges DOJ to adopt.
 
Resolution 2014-11 demands that the U.S. Secretary of Labor amend the recently promulgated revisions to the Section 503 regulations concerning the affirmative action obligations of federal contractors to address the failure of such revisions to adequately communicate the technology accessibility obligations of such contractors.
 
Resolution 2014-12 requests that BARD book listings include indicators of book availability via download and cartridge or download-only.
 
Resolution 2014-13 reiterates ACB’s long-standing demand that all Medicare-related notices and/or documents requiring attention be offered in accessible format.
 
Resolution 2014-14 describes ACB’s deep concern with so-called cluster postal mail delivery and expresses opposition to its implementation.
 
Resolution 2014-15 identifies attitudinal and other systemic barriers to the promotion of the Randolph-Sheppard vending program; calls upon the Rehabilitation Services Administration, as well as state and other public entities, to work to address these barriers, and enlists the help of ACB and its affiliates in marketing the vending program more effectively.
 
Resolution 2014-16 decries the widespread failure of the cable and satellite industries to develop and deploy set-top box and related equipment that is required to be accessible by law, and directs ACB’s elected and staff leadership to aggressively engage with the industry to compel accessibility.
 
Resolution 2014-17 expresses reservations about the nationwide emergence of so-called ride-share services, calls upon ACB’s Transportation Committee to develop a study and recommendations paper with input from Guide Dog Users, Inc., and requires the ACB president to report on the paper's recommendations and any implementation at the 2015 ACB conference and convention.
 
Resolution 2014-18 expresses thanks to the Riviera Hotel & Casino.
 
Resolution 2014-19 expresses deep appreciation to the 2014 conference and convention host committee and to the Nevada Council of the Blind.
 
Resolution 2014-20 expresses profound gratitude to all who offered volunteer assistance to attendees of the 2014 conference and convention.

Misrepresentation of Service Animals

Resolution 2014-01

 

Whereas, for many years, people who are blind or visually impaired have successfully made use of guide dogs as a means of improving their mobility; and
 
Whereas, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has long allowed the use of service animals to assist individuals with a wide array of disabilities to travel safely and live independently; and
 
Whereas, as implemented by the U.S. Departments of Justice and Transportation through regulations, the ADA provides that an individual's right to use a service animal may not be limited by a covered entity's imposition of any form of proof of identification or certification; and
 
Whereas, there have been numerous instances of exploitation of these long-standing rules by individuals who have misrepresented the animals they work with as bona fide service animals; and
 
Whereas, in spite of the federal ban on formal proof, there are groups which sell identification cards and other forms of so-called certification to create the impression that the untrained animals in question are qualified to accompany individuals anywhere even though such animals may be little better than pets; and
 
Whereas, untrained or improperly trained dogs or other animals may misbehave or even become dangerous, thereby undermining the public's trust and acceptance of service animals generally; and
 
Whereas, legislation has been proposed in several states, with mixed and inconsistent results, to refine and tighten the concept of service animals beyond that which is currently provided under the ADA;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 17th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization directs its officers, board and staff to explore and implement legislative, advocacy, public education, and all other appropriate strategies to address the circumstances and concerns described in this resolution.

Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Lions Replica Canes

Resolution 2014-02

 

Whereas, the mission of Lions Clubs International (LCI) is to empower volunteers to serve their communities, meet humanitarian needs and encourage peace and promote international understanding through Lionism, and its vision is to become the global leader in community and humanitarian service; and
 
Whereas, since LCI's founding in 1917, members have joined together from all walks of life to embrace the philosophy of Lions Clubs International as embodied in its motto: "we serve"; and
 
Whereas, hundreds of members who are blind and visually impaired have heeded the call to serve in their communities in an effort to share their talents by actively initiating and participating in community service projects; and
 
Whereas, many such members also serve in positions of leadership as club officers and directors, and at the district level as zone chairpersons and district governors; and
 
Whereas, since 1951, when the Monterey Park, California, club began the practice, LCI has used a small, plastic cane with a crook for the handle to symbolize its annual fundraising campaign on behalf of the blind; and
 
Whereas, the image of blind persons has changed significantly for the better since World War II when the crooked cane was the standard mobility tool for blind veterans; and
 
Whereas, the crooked cane, while still utilized for providing support for individuals with mobility and/or balance limitations, no longer accurately reflects the modern white cane used by a vast majority of blind persons throughout the world as a mobility tool — a cane which is straight and often lacks a red tip; and
 
Whereas, hundreds of thousands of LCI's crooked canes are placed in letters soliciting donations on behalf of the blind, thereby inadvertently misleading the public regarding the appearance of the modern white cane; and
 
Whereas, the American Council of Blind Lions — which will celebrate its 43rd anniversary this summer as a chartered affiliate of the American Council of the Blind — believes that the bulky, crooked handle cane reflects an inaccurate and outdated stereotype, the white cane as a fundraising symbol for LCI should accurately and positively represent the cane used by today's independent blind person;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 17th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that the American Council of the Blind, join with its special-interest affiliate, ACB Lions, in calling upon Lions Clubs International to update its white cane symbol by adopting a replica straight cane to accurately reflect the cane used by the vast majority of blind persons to safely and independently navigate worldwide; and
 
Be it further resolved that ACB Lions and LCI recognize the contribution of Ms. Agnes Douglass for her decades-long work producing these canes and offer assistance to her in changing over to the new straight cane; and
 
Be it further resolved that this resolution be transmitted to Scott Drumheller, Executive Administrator, Lions Clubs International and Noel Mason, Division Manager of Club Supplies, LCI.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Appropriate O&M Instruction and Professional Preparation

Resolution 2014-03

 

Whereas, the safety of individuals who are blind or who have low vision while traveling in their communities depends on good orientation and mobility (O&M) skills; and
 
Whereas, success in the workforce requires being able to navigate city streets, public transit, and the work environment independently with a long white cane or guide dog; and
 
Whereas, while a few schools for the blind in America continue to provide highly competent training in O&M resulting in their graduates truly being able to travel effectively and independently, many students receiving O&M instruction in both public school and specialized school environments do not graduate as competent and independent travelers; and
 
Whereas, many blind children who are placed in public school programs receive limited O&M training and are not challenged adequately to develop independent travel skills; and
 
Whereas, many professionals who are trained to work with people who are blind or visually impaired may have a functional knowledge of O&M skills, but unconsciously reflect the same myths and misconceptions as society as a whole, and so do not believe in the capabilities of blind individuals; and
 
Whereas, many state and local educational agencies are overly cautious in terms of the O&M training that they in fact allow to take place because of concerns about liability and safety of instructors and students, and thus  discourage proper O&M instruction by restricting access to important teaching environments and related travel skills; and
 
Whereas, it is indisputable that traveling in the built environment has become more complex than ever before for all pedestrians, thus requiring a higher degree of teaching competence than in the past by professionals teaching O&M to students;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 16th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization deplore the failure of many schools and districts to provide effective O&M instruction for students who are blind or who have low vision and calls upon the U.S. Department of Education and state and local educational agencies to develop and implement standards and monitoring procedures that will ensure that these students receive instruction which will enable them to travel competently and independently; and

Be it further resolved that this organization, through its Special Education Task Force, develop recommendations and tools to assist ACB state and special interest affiliates to more effectively advocate for proper, comprehensive, and effective O&M training by schools for the blind, public school special education programs, and state and local educational agencies generally; and

Be it further resolved that this organization call upon standard-setting bodies, including but not limited to the Academy for Certification of Vision Rehabilitation and Education Professionals (ACVREP), the National Blindness Professional Certification Board (NBPCB), and all university programs providing training to meet the standards of either of these certification entities, to strengthen their working relationship with the American Council of the Blind and its Special Education Task Force, as well as ACB affiliates in each state, in order to incorporate blind consumer perspectives in testing and standards and requirements for O&M professionals.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Appropriate Braille Instruction and Professional Preparation

Resolution 2014-04

 

Whereas, the use of braille constitutes true literacy for people who are blind or visually impaired; and
 
Whereas, many students receiving braille instruction in both public school and specialized school environments do not graduate as competent and independent users of braille; and
 
Whereas, many teachers of students with visual impairments are not competent to teach braille; and

Whereas, many state and local educational agencies do not offer braille training on par with literacy training for fully sighted children; and
 
Whereas, students who are blind or who have low vision are not typically included in mainstream literacy programs; and

Whereas, advances in communications and digital technology make it more important than ever that students with vision loss become fully competent in the use of multiple braille codes;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 16th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization, through its Special Education Task Force in consultation with the Braille Revival League, develop recommendations and tools to help ACB state and special interest affiliates to more effectively advocate for proper, comprehensive, and effective braille training by schools for the blind, public school special education programs, and state and local educational agencies generally; and
 
Be it further resolved that this organization call upon standard-setting bodies, including but not limited to the Braille Authority of North America (BANA), the National Blindness Professional Certification Board (NBPCB), the Association for Education and Rehabilitation of the Blind and Visually Impaired, and all university programs providing training for teachers of students with visual impairments, to strengthen their working relationship with the American Council of the Blind and its Special Education Task Force, as well as ACB affiliates in each State in order to incorporate blind consumer perspectives in testing, standards and requirements for braille instruction, and for those who offer it.

Adopted.

Ray Campbell, Secretary


Fire Codes

Resolution 2014-05

 

Whereas, some state and local governments do not have fire safety codes to protect their citizens and visitors; and
 
Whereas, the safety of ACB members, their families and friends while attending our national meetings is of the utmost importance;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 16th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that all future convention hotels and related facilities must be covered by fire safety codes and/or regulations; and
 
Be it further resolved that no future contracts for convention hotels or related facilities shall be entered into by ACB without written assurances that hotels and related facilities are in compliance with applicable fire codes and regulations.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Accessible Currency

Resolution 2014-06

 

Whereas, American paper currency in its present form is not accessible to persons who are blind or visually impaired; and
 
Whereas, the failure of the United States government to create paper currency which is readily identifiable by persons who are blind or visually impaired has been determined by the federal courts to be a violation of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended; and
 
Whereas, people who are blind or visually impaired cannot be expected to make use of technologies to identify paper currency as a replacement for accessible paper currency; and
 
Whereas, people who are blind or visually impaired were incredulous to learn that the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing made its intentions known concerning accessible currency, ironically on the anniversary of Helen Keller's birth, June 27, 2013, when the Bureau published a White Paper Regarding Meaningful Access to U.S. Currency For Persons Who Are Blind Or Visually Impaired in which the Bureau stated that larger numerals and tactile features will not be added to U.S. paper currency until the year 2020 at the earliest;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 14th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization emphatically reaffirm its unwavering position that the government of the United States must move, without further delay, to produce paper currency that is fully accessible to and usable by people who are blind or visually impaired; and
 
Be it further resolved that this organization unequivocally declare that the public distribution of an electronic money identifier by the government of the United States must not be allowed to delay, or in any way be deemed to be a satisfactory replacement for, the prompt development and implementation of accessible paper currency; and
 
Be it further resolved that the board of directors and staff of the American Council of the Blind are hereby instructed to immediately seek judicial redress for the failure of the Department of the Treasury to take any meaningful steps toward the design and introduction of accessible paper currency.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Equal Access to Public Library Digital Collections

Resolution 2014-07

 

Whereas, the mobile computing environment has radically changed the information provision landscape for the nation’s public libraries; and
 
Whereas, Americans who are blind or visually impaired are embracing the mobile computing environment with much the same enthusiasm as their sighted peers; and
 
Whereas, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act mandates equal access to programs and services offered by public entities, including public and university libraries; and
 
Whereas, more than 28,000 libraries, schools, and universities internationally rely on software provided by Overdrive, Inc. of Cleveland, Ohio for distribution of digital and audio content to library patrons; and
 
Whereas, access to essential features and capabilities of the Overdrive iOS platform software is either nonexistent or extremely difficult to achieve by those who use VoiceOver, Apple, Inc.’s screen reader for the iOS platform; and
 
Whereas, the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights division entered into a private settlement agreement with the Sacramento Public Library Authority in 2011 which seeks to end the practice of providing unequal access to library materials; and
 
Whereas, the use of software provided by Overdrive that either works poorly or not at all with VoiceOver constitutes unlawful inaccessibility similar to that which the aforementioned Department of Justice settlement seeks to redress;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 17th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization strongly oppose the promulgation and use by public and university libraries of software that results in unlawful inaccessibility of digital and audio books and the distribution thereof; and
 
Be it further resolved that ACB encourage organizations such as the American Library Association, and other similar organizations of public and university libraries, to insist that Overdrive, Inc. modify its app, specifically in the iOS environment, to ensure that all features available to sighted library patrons are also available to users of VoiceOver; and
 
Be it further resolved that this organization strongly urge state library agencies, local governments, and public and academic libraries to recognize that they have an obligation under the Americans with Disabilities Act to assure that software programs and services implemented for use by library patrons are accessible to and usable by people who are blind or who have low vision; and

Be it further resolved that copies of this resolution be provided to library umbrella organizations, such as the American Library Association, throughout the nation and that a copy be provided to Overdrive, Inc.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


RSVA Employment Institute Initiative

Resolution 2014-08

 

Whereas, for a variety of reasons, the number of Randolph-Sheppard program vending facilities is dramatically declining in many states; and
 
Whereas, this trend raises serious concerns about the future viability of this program; and
 
Whereas, Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America (RSVA), an affiliate of the American Council of the Blind, has developed an initiative to create, with the assistance of the federal government, the Humphreys Randolph-Sheppard Employment Institute; and
 
Whereas, the primary purpose for the Humphreys Randolph-Sheppard Employment Institute is to provide important and essential stimulus for a major expansion of the employment and advancement of blind managers under the Randolph-Sheppard Act and in collaboration with state licensing agencies; and
 
Whereas, under the leadership of the president of Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America, the Rehabilitation Services Administration and its Commissioner have expressed support for the RSVA initiative; and
 
Whereas, RSVA is committed to aggressively pursuing the creation of the Institute in order to make a major impact on the lives of blind individuals for many years to come; and
 
Whereas, the American Council of the Blind strongly supports efforts to create employment opportunities for persons who are blind or who have low vision; and
 
Whereas, the expansion of the Randolph-Sheppard vending facility program, through the establishment and implementation of the Humphreys Randolph-Sheppard Employment Institute, has enormous potential to reduce unemployment among blind individuals;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 16th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization hereby endorse the creation and development of the Humphreys Randolph-Sheppard Employment Institute as proposed by Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America and pledge its full support for this initiative; and
 
Be it further resolved that a copy of this resolution shall be provided to the president of Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America.  

Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Opposition to NCD's 14(c) Recommendations

Resolution 2014-09

 

Whereas, the American Council of the Blind (ACB) has long been committed to the principle that any worker who experiences blindness as their only disability should earn minimum wage or above; and
 
Whereas, ACB has also previously acknowledged that some blind workers who have significant additional disabilities may choose to hold employment by working under a 14(c) certificate, issued by the United States Department of Labor, thus allowing them to earn less than minimum wage; and
 
Whereas, Resolution 2013-13, adopted by ACB at its 2013 national convention, places ACB on record as committing to the repeal of Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act with the stipulation that any legislation include specific safeguards, such as a phase-in period for implementation, to protect those individuals working under 14(c) certificates from losing their jobs; and
 
Whereas, to protect jobs of blind workers who have significant additional disabilities who may choose to work under a 14(c) certificate, the “specific safeguards” stipulation established by ACB must be interpreted and applied rigorously to fully protect the right of every individual with a disability to exercise informed choice; and
 
Whereas, the National Council on Disability (NCD) has recently published recommendations for what it calls the transformation of the 14(c) Program; and
 
Whereas, the NCD recommendations offer supported employment in so-called integrated settings as the only concrete suggestion for the phase-out of 14(c) certificates, and NCD's report implies that Congress should in fact adopt supported employment in integrated settings as a replacement for 14(c) certificates; and
 
Whereas, the United States Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) definition of integrated setting would mean that in implementing the NCD recommendations, a part-time job in a fast-food restaurant at minimum wage, with no benefits, would be an acceptable transition from 14(c), while a job at above minimum wage, with full health coverage, retirement, vacation, and other employee benefits, but which requires the worker to work in the presence of other blind or disabled employees, would not be considered an acceptable transition; and
 
Whereas, the supported employment model has not proven a successful placement or ongoing employment model for all persons who have multiple disabilities and would severely restrict informed consumer choice if it were to be the only option to replace 14(c) certificates;

Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 17th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization declare that the NCD recommendations concerning 14(c) do not satisfy the requirements of ACB Resolution 2013-13 and its stipulation concerning specific safeguards to protect individuals currently working under 14(c) certificates from losing their jobs; and
 
Be it further resolved that this organization continue its support for repeal of 14(c), as declared in ACB Resolution 2013-13, but shall refrain from participating, either through written statements or joint advocacy activities, with other organizations advocating the repeal and replacement of 14(c) through the implementation of the NCD recommendations described herein.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Section 508 Responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Justice

Resolution 2014-10

 

Whereas, during the past year, the U.S. Solicitor General's office, through its refusal to defend the constitutionality of certain federal statutes in the Supreme Court, has established the principle that the government need not automatically defend the validity of all and any federal statutes; and
 
Whereas, even prior to these recent cases, the government has a long history of not defending agency actions in court in those instances where the agencies' actions are illegal or improper; and
 
Whereas, in addition to failing to defend agency actions through intervention, Statements of Interest (SOI's) or amicus participation, numerous precedents exist in which the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has declined to provide legal representation to agencies at all when agency actions are unconscionable or illegal; and
 
Whereas, recent reports by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the DOJ have documented and quantified widespread failure by federal agencies to comply with the requirements of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act in connection with accessibility of their information and communications technology (ICT), including their public-facing websites; and
 
Whereas, both DOJ and OMB have made detailed and specific best-practices recommendations as to what procedural steps, accountability structures and outcome measures are needed in order to create a reasonable level and likelihood of compliance; and
 
Whereas, utilizing these benchmarks, together with those set forth by the U.S. Access Board in its Sec.  508 standards, it is possible to distinguish agencies that have made serious efforts to comply with Section 508 from those which have not;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 17th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization urge the Attorney General of the United States to ensure the following:

  1.  That the Civil Rights Division of the DOJ establish a list of criteria that it will use in assessing good faith 508 compliance efforts by federal agencies; and
  2.  That DOJ notify all federal agencies, for whom DOJ's representation in court falls within DOJ's scope of responsibility, that suits alleging violation of Section 508, suits alleging violation of Section 504 by reason of 508-related actions or inactions, or suits alleging violation of Section 501 on the same basis, will not be defended by DOJ if the agency has not met the standards for good faith compliance efforts established by DOJ.

Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Amending the New Section 503 Affirmative Action Regulations

Resolution 2014-11

 

Whereas, Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, provides for both a disability non-discrimination obligation and an affirmative action obligation on federal contractors and subcontractors in the employment of persons with disabilities; and
 
Whereas, it is estimated that 25 percent of all jobs in America are, in one way or another, related to federal contracting, a percentage that is expected to continue to grow; and
 
Whereas, the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP), in its exercise of oversight responsibility for the implementation of Section 503, published new rules in September 2013 updating and modernizing the affirmative action provisions applicable to workers with disabilities; and
 
Whereas, these new rules contain many positive and laudable provisions; and
 
Whereas, there is nevertheless a provision in the new rules that may deprive many persons who are blind or visually impaired from benefitting from the new rules themselves and that will seriously undermine the ability of such persons to perform their jobs once hired; and
 
Whereas, this adverse provision is embodied in the new rule's express exemption of technology accessibility from the requirements of either non-discrimination or affirmative action under Section 503; and
 
Whereas, this exemption is embodied in the statement that accessibility of information and communications technology is a “best practice” but is not “indispensable” and is not required by the law; and
 
Whereas, employees who are blind or visually impaired must frequently and substantially utilize information and communications technology in order to perform their jobs; and
 
Whereas, the inaccessibility of such equipment will significantly burden, if not entirely thwart, the ability of employees who are blind or visually impaired to achieve  successful job performance and upward mobility in the technology-dependent office environment of our day; and
 
Whereas, the purported exemption for technology accessibility could lead to the denial of reasonable accommodation requests or court decisions that federal contractors have no accessibility obligations under Section  503; and
 
Whereas, the OFCCP's treatment of accessibility may well be in violation of other employment anti-discrimination laws that apply to federal contractors but that are not administered by OFCCP, including Title I of the ADA, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and, in the case of certain federal contracts, Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 17th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization formally petition the U.S. Secretary of Labor to take action to review and amend the new 503 regulations to address the concerns discussed in this resolution; and
 
Be it further resolved that this organization use all appropriate available opportunities to raise the profile of the limitations contained within the new regulation both within and outside the disability community; and
 
Be it further resolved that should the U.S. Department of Labor fail to amend its 503 regulations to fully account for federal contractors’ technology accessibility obligations, the officers, directors and staff of this organization are empowered to explore additional advocacy efforts, including litigation if appropriate, to protect the employment and advancement of employees who are blind or visually impaired.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Identification of Download-Only BARD Books

Resolution 2014-12

 

Whereas, the American Council of the Blind wishes to acknowledge a whole host of positive developments that have occurred since the arrival of the current director of the National Library Service (NLS); and
 
Whereas, these include but are not limited to the sponsorship of the Braille Summit, the launch of BARD (Braille and Audio Reading Downloads) Mobile, an increase in the number of BARD books produced each year, and a significant effort to explore new roles that NLS might play within the blindness community; and
 
Whereas, BARD continues to evolve in many positive ways; and
 
Whereas, many books which are being reissued from earlier cassette versions are only available for download and are not being made available on cartridge; and
 
Whereas, there is no specific information on BARD that differentiates between those that are available on cartridge and those that are only available for download; and
 
Whereas, it may be possible to infer from the book number which titles can only be downloaded;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 18th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization request that NLS include a separate element for each title which indicates whether it is available on cartridge or only available for download; and
 
Be it further resolved that a copy of this resolution be forwarded to Karen Keninger, Director of the National Library Service at the Library of Congress.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Medicare Information Access

Resolution 2014-13

 

Whereas, the American Council of the Blind has passed resolutions that clearly require programs  such as Medicare to provide information to those they serve in accessible formats when requested; and
 
Whereas, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) does not provide in accessible formats, among other communications, materials related to provider payments and those forms which can be used by recipients to obtain reimbursement from Medicare;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 18th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization call upon Medicare to immediately implement interim strategies that recognize their obligation to provide information in accessible formats; and
 
Be it further resolved that this organization reiterate its longstanding demand that CMS develop and implement a comprehensive policy concerning the provision of accessible information to its Medicare customers who are blind or who have low vision.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Postal Service Cluster Mailbox Delivery

Resolution 2014-14

 

Whereas, the United States Postal Service has recommended that service delivery to individual residences be discontinued and, instead, that the USPS provide mail delivery through so-called cluster mailboxes, subject to exceptions for persons with disabilities through an as yet undetermined process; and
 
Whereas, some members of Congress have endorsed this plan and are pushing for its eventual adoption; and
 
Whereas, it has been reported that some post offices are already attempting to enforce this policy; and
 
Whereas, if implemented, this policy will result in serious mail retrieval problems for persons who are blind or who have low vision, frail seniors, and others with disabilities; and
 
Whereas, cluster delivery will also result in severe mail retrieval issues for items such as braille and recorded books;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 18th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization condemn the actions of those postal authorities seeking to commence cluster mailbox delivery; and
 
Be it further resolved that this organization advocate against all efforts to establish the use of cluster mailbox delivery by the United States Postal Service; and
 
Be it further resolved that this organization believes it is crucial to create and implement approaches that will preclude individual post offices from arbitrarily and inappropriately implementing policies that have not yet been adopted; and
 
Be it further resolved that a copy of this resolution be sent to the United States Postmaster General.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Marketing the Vending Program

Resolution 2014-15

 

Whereas, for a variety of reasons, the number of individuals being trained under the Randolph-Sheppard vending program and the number of vending facility locations are dramatically declining in many states; and
 
Whereas, this trend raises serious concerns about the future viability of this program; and
 
Whereas, one of the primary reasons for the decline in the program is a culture within state licensing agencies and the blindness community itself that devalues the  Randolph-Sheppard vending program as a worthy employment goal for people who are blind; and
 
Whereas, the Commissioner of the United States Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA), Janet LaBreck, has recognized this problem by her public statements concerning the need for a marketing initiative for the Randolph-Sheppard vending program;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 18th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization urge RSA to encourage state licensing agencies to give priority to each of the following:

  1. The retention of existing vending facility locations and the establishment of new ones, and
  2. Training new vending facility operators; and

Be it further resolved that this organization urge its state affiliates to work with their legislatures, governors, and state licensing agencies to bring about this change; and
 
Be it further resolved that the ACB public relations committee offer its assistance to the Randolph-Sheppard Vendors of America and state affiliates to design marketing strategies to change the negative attitudes concerning the worthiness of employment in the Randolph-Sheppard vending program. 
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Digital TV and Set-Top Box Access

Resolution 2014-16

 

Whereas, the 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act clearly requires that set-top boxes become accessible to people with disabilities; and
 
Whereas, regulations indicate that in 2015 and 2016, companies producing set-top boxes must build accessibility into their products; and
 
Whereas, Comcast has demonstrated such components as channel guides, the ability to turn audio description on and off, and a range of other controls that are accessible to and usable by individuals who are blind or who have low vision; and
 
Whereas, Comcast should be commended not only for its actual progress but for its efforts to reach out to the community of persons who are blind or have low vision both for ideas and testing; and
 
Whereas, virtually none of the other companies delivering digital television signals to the U.S. market appear to be involving our community in any initiatives to be ready to comply with the law;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 18th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization express its extreme displeasure at the degree to which evidence suggests that the industry will not be ready to meet its obligation under the law; and
 
Be it further resolved that this organization affirm the following principles:

  1.  Access to television can only be achieved if all modes of signal delivery and throughput are accessible including, but not limited to, signals delivered by broadcast, cable and satellite, and those originating on the Internet.
  2.  Individuals who are blind or who have low vision should be able to access all components of systems with the same ease and at the same speed as is available to persons who have no need for accessible set-top boxes.
  3.  Standards are to be developed that will clearly define the expectations that providers must meet; and

Be it further resolved that ACB make its concerns known in writing to those companies which have heretofore demonstrated commitment or progress toward compliance with the law.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Ride-Share Services

Resolution 2014-17

 

Whereas, ride-share companies such as Uber, Lyft and Sidecar constitute new transit options which are increasingly being used by people who are blind or who have low vision; and
 
Whereas, such services may well represent options that will constitute effective transit opportunities; and
 
Whereas, on the other hand, issues have emerged with regard to whether the right to transport guide dogs and their handlers is adequately guaranteed by such companies and concerning the accessibility of applications used to summon such vehicles; and
 
Whereas, because of the complete absence of regulation, there is also a question of whether these companies will provide sufficient protection to individuals choosing to utilize such companies;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 18th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization believes that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that the emergence of these new transit options deserves to be carefully studied by the American Council of the Blind; and
 
Be it further resolved that this organization instruct its transportation committee to work in conjunction with Guide Dog Users, Inc. (GDUI) to prepare a paper with specific recommendations concerning the pros and cons of such ride-share companies which shall be presented to the board of directors by January of 2015; and
 
Be it further resolved that the ACB president is hereby instructed to report back to the convention next year such recommendations as the transportation committee and GDUI may make.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Commending the Riviera Hotel

Resolution 2014-18

 

Whereas, it is appropriate that this conference and convention express its thanks and appreciation to our host hotel;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 18th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization communicate its deep gratitude to the management and staff of the Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada, for their warm welcome, thorough service, and reliable professionalism.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Congratulating the Convention Host Committee and the NCB

Resolution 2014-19

 

Whereas, the strength of the American Council of the Blind lies in each of its individual members and in each of its state and special-interest affiliates;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 18th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization express its heartfelt congratulations and thanks to the convention host committee and the women and men of the Nevada Council of the Blind for their enthusiastic welcome, the untold hours of planning and hard work, and the tremendous privilege of bringing our national conference and convention to their home state, which has truly been The Real Deal!
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary


Appreciation for Convention Volunteers

Resolution 2014-20

 

Whereas, there is no greater gift to give than service to others freely given with a generous heart;
 
Now, therefore, be it resolved by the American Council of the Blind in convention assembled on the 18th day of July, 2014, at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, that this organization warmly embrace and most sincerely thank each and every individual volunteer who so selflessly and graciously gave of their time and energy to offer assistance to the attendees of this year's national conference and convention, which truly helped this year's convention to be a success.
 
Adopted.
 
Ray Campbell, Secretary

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